Emhlabeni wezempilo nokuphila kahle, abantu bahlala befuna izinhlanganisela zemvelo ezinikeza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene. I-Acetyl zingerone ingenye yezakhi ezinjalo eziye zathola ukunakwa kwezakhiwo zayo ezingase zikhuthaze impilo. Itholakala ku-ginger, i-acetyl zingerone iyinhlanganisela ye-bioactive esukela emiphumeleni elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant kuya empumelelweni yobuhlungu, ukwesekwa kokugaya ukudla, i-neuroprotection kanye nokusekelwa kwe-metabolic. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka ngale nhlanganisela ye-bioactive, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlanganiswe nezithako zokudla noma ezisetshenziselwa izicelo zokupheka, izinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-acetyl zingerone zenza kube isengezo esibalulekile emkhakheni wezempilo wemvelo.
I-Acetyl zingerone,noma i-acetyl zingerone, i-acetyl zingerone, njll., efushanisiwe njenge-AZ. I-Acetyl zingerone iphuma ku-zingerone, isakhi esitholakala ku-ginger. I-Ginger, igama lesayensi elithi Zingiber officinale, isitshalo esiqhakaza izimbali esitshalwa kabanzi ngenxa ye-rhizomes yaso, evame ukusetshenziselwa izinongo nezakhiwo zokwelapha. I-Gingerone iyisandulela se-acetyl zingerone, isakhi se-phenolic yemvelo esinikeza i-ginger iphunga layo eliyingqayizivele kanye nokunambitheka.
Inqubo yokutholai-acetyl zingerone iqala ngokukhipha i-zingerone ku-rhizome ye-ginger. Inqubo yokukhipha ngokuvamile ihilela ukuchotshozwa noma ukugaya ama-rhizomes ukuze kukhululwe izinhlanganisela ze-bioactive, okulandelwa izindlela ezifana nokucwiliswa kwesitimu noma ukukhishwa kwe-solvent ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-zingerone. Uma i-zingerone itholakele, ingangena kwi-acetylation, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwethula iqembu le-acetyl ku-compound, okwenza i-acetyl zingerone. Ngaphezu kokutholakala ku-ginger, i-acetyl zingerone ingabuye ihlanganiswe ngenqubo yamakhemikhali endaweni yaselabhorethri.
I-acetylation ye-zingerone iyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-acetyl zingerone njengoba ikhulisa ukuzinza kanye ne-bioavailability ye-compound. Ukwanda kokuncibilika kwe-acetyl zingerone emanzini kanye ne-lipids kwenza ukuthi imunce kalula umzimba. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuphinde kube nomthelela ekutheni inhlanganisela ikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa nemithi, i-nutraceuticals, nezimonyo.
Ukuvuvukala kuwukusabela kwemvelo komzimba ekulimaleni noma ekuthelelekeni, kodwa uma kuba okungamahlalakhona, kungaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga zempilo, ezihlanganisa isifo samathambo, isifo senhliziyo, ngisho nomdlavuza. Nakuba kunemithi eminingi engasiza ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala, ngokuvamile iza nemiphumela engemihle engadingeki.
I-Acetyl zingerone iyinhlanganisela ekhishwe ku-ginger, isinongo esidumile esaziwa ngezindawo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala. Iphuma ku-zingerone, isakhi esinikeza ujinja ukunambitheka nephunga eliyingqayizivele. I-Acetylzingerone ibe yisihloko sezifundo eziningana ezihlola amandla ayo njengesixazululo semvelo sokuvuvukala, futhi imiphumela iye yakhuthaza.
Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry lwathola ukuthi i-acetyl zingerone yayisebenza kahle ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala kumodeli yegundane ye-colitis. Abacwaningi babone ukukhiqizwa okuncishisiwe kwama-molecule ane-pro-inflammatory kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwama-molecule aphikisana nokuvuvukala esicutshini se-colon yamagundane aphathwe nge-acetylzingerone. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi i-acetylzingerone ingase ibe namandla okunciphisa ukuvuvukala ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, inkinga evamile kubantu abaningi.
Olunye ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Natural Products luphenye imiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala kwe-acetyl zingerone kumaseli womuntu. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-acetylzingerone ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-molecule avuvukalayo emangqamuzaneni, okusikisela ukuthi ingase ibe namandla okunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni womuntu.
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, i-acetyl zingerone nayo iboniswe ukuthi inemiphumela ye-antioxidant. Ama-Antioxidants ayizinhlanganisela ezisiza ukuvikela umzimba emonakalweni ngama-radicals mahhala, okungama-molecule angazinzile angabangela ukuvuvukala nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngokunciphisa ama-radicals mahhala, ama-antioxidants angasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala futhi asekele impilo yonke.
Nakuba ucwaningo nge-acetylzingerone lusezigabeni zalo zokuqala, okutholakele kuze kube manje kuyathembisa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, nokho, ukuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izinzuzo ezingaba khona nokuphepha kwe-acetylzingerone ukuze isetshenziswe abantu.
Ezweni elihlala livela lokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, izithako ezintsha eziqanjiwe zihlala zitholwa futhi zicwaningwa. I-Acetyl zingerone iyisithako esenza amagagasi embonini yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba. I-Acetyl zingerone igqama ngezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile: ikhono elinamandla lokususa ama-radical mahhala, umphumela obalulekile wokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nomphumela wokuqinisa umgoqo wesikhumba.
I-Acetyl zingerone iphuma ku-zingiberone, isakhi semvelo esitholakala ku-ginger. Izithako zayo ezilula nezicacile kanye nesisindo esincane samangqamuzana zivumela ukuba zingene kalula, okwenza kube okubalulekile okungeziwe kumafomula okunakekelwa kwesikhumba.
Umphumela we-Anti-oxidize:
I-AZ ingasebenza njenge-antioxidant, isicimi esingokomzimba, kanye ne-chelator ekhethiwe ukusiza ukuphatha ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS) ngezindlela eziningi. Ineqembu le-phenolic hydroxyl, elingakha ngokuqondile ifomu elizinzile lamahhala ngokulahlekelwa ama-athomu e-hydrogen, lidlala indima ye-antioxidant ne-anti-free radical; ingakwazi futhi ukucisha umoya-mpilo we-singlet namanye ama-radicals mahhala ayingozi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ivimbele ukubhujiswa kwama-radicals mahhala e-hydroxyl. ifomu.
Vikela i-DNA emonakalweni we-UV:
I-AZ ithuthukisa ukuvikeleka ngemuva kokuphela kokuvezwa kwe-UV ukuvikela ukulimala kwe-epidermal DNA ehambisana nokukhula komdlavuza wesikhumba. Njenge-antioxidant esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-AZ ingakwazi ukuthwebula i-ROS eyakhiwe kusukela ezifundeni ezijabulisayo zama-molecule ahlukahlukene e-endogenous (EM) ukuze zivimbele ukuthi zingabangeli ukulimala kwesikhumba; ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AZ isebenza njenge-chelator ekhethiwe ye-iron ne-ion yethusi, ivimbela i-hydroxyl mahhala Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-AZ isebenza njengesicimi esisebenzayo sokucima imikhiqizo yokuphela kwe-glycation (AGEs), okungenye yemithombo enamandla kakhulu ye-ROS. ukwakheka okubangela ukucindezeleka kwe-photooxidative esikhumbeni.
Lawula umsebenzi we-matrix:
I-AZ ingakhuphula ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo zendlela ye-Notch futhi yehlise ukukhiqizwa kwe-matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3 kanye ne-MMP-12. Isiza ukugcina ubuqotho be-extracellular matrix (ECM) ngaphakathi kwedermis, esiza ukugcina ukunwebeka nokuqina kwesikhumba.
I-Stabilized Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Isandulela:
I-AZ inamandla okuzinzisa i-ascorbic acid precursor tetrahexyldecylascorbate (THDC) ku-dermal microenvironment, ikhulisa i-bioavailability yayo futhi ikwazi ukunciphisa imiphumela yayo ye-pro-inflammatory, njengokuvula isignali ye-interferon yohlobo I. Into engavamile kakhulu ukuthi i-acetylsingerone ine-photostability enhle: uma kuqhathaniswa ne-α-tocopherol (uvithamini E), i-AZ ingagcina izakhiwo zayo ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokukhanya, i-vitamin E ayisebenzi ngokuphelele phakathi nehora, kodwa i-acetyl zingerone ingagcina cishe u-90% womsebenzi wayo. Nakuba ezinye izithako ezivamile zokulwa nokuguga, njengezithako ze-A-alcohol, ngokuvamile ziyafa lapho zivezwe ekukhanyeni, i-acetyl zingerone ayikona nje ukwesaba ukukhanya, kodwa futhi ingavikela amangqamuzana emonakalweni we-ultraviolet. Kufanelekile kakhulu ukusetshenziswa emini ukwenza ukuntuleka kwezinye izithako zokulwa nokuguga. anele.
Izinzuzo Ezibalulekile ze-Acetyl Gingerone
1. Izakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala
Ukuvuvukala kuwukusabela kwemvelo komzimba ekulimaleni noma ekuthelelekeni, kodwa lapho kuba okungamahlalakhona, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene zempilo, njengesifo samathambo, isifo senhliziyo, ngisho nomdlavuza. I-Acetyl zingerone itholakale inezinto ezinamandla zokulwa nokuvuvukala, okwenza kube umuthi wemvelo ongaba khona wokwelapha ukuvuvukala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-acetyl zingerone ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-molecule e-pro-inflammatory, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ukuvuvukala kanye nezingozi ezihambisana nazo.
2. Umphumela we-Antioxidant
Umzimba uhlale ubhekene nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, okungabangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana futhi kube nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezingapheli. I-Acetyl zingerone iyi-antioxidant enamandla esusa ama-radicals mahhala futhi ivikele umzimba ekulimaleni kwe-oxidative. Ngokunciphisa ama-molecule ayingozi, i-acetyl zingerone isiza ukugcina impilo yeselula futhi inciphisa ingozi yezifo ezihlobene nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative.
3. Dambisa ubuhlungu
Ngokwesiko, i-ginger ibisetshenziswa njenge-analgesic, futhi i-acetyl zingerone, ephuma ku-ginger, nayo inezindawo zokudambisa izinhlungu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-acetyl zingerone ingakwazi ukulinganisa ukuqonda kobuhlungu futhi inciphise ukungakhululeki, ikwenze kube enye indlela engokwemvelo yokwelapha izinhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezifana nesifo samathambo kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha.
4. Ukwesekwa Kokugaya Ukudla
I-Ginger sekuyisikhathi eside yaziswa ngekhono layo lokusekela impilo yokugaya ukudla, futhi i-acetyl zingerone nayo yabelana ngale ndawo enenzuzo. Kutholakale ukuthi kusiza ukugaya ngokukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme okugaya nokunciphisa ukungakhululeki kwamathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetyl zingerone ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zesicanucanu nokuhlanza, ikwenze kube ikhambi lemvelo elibalulekile lezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
5. Izakhiwo ze-Neuroprotective
Ubuchopho busengozini yokulimala kwe-oxidative kanye nokuvuvukala, okungaholela ezifweni ze-neurodegenerative ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Parkinson. I-Acetyl zingerone ibonise isithembiso ekuvikeleni ubuchopho kulolu hlobo lomonakalo, ngezifundo ezibonisa imiphumela engaba khona ye-neuroprotective. Ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative nokuvuvukala ebuchosheni, i-acetyl zingerone ingase inikeze izindlela zokuzivikela ekunciphiseni kwengqondo kanye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative.
6. Ukusekelwa kweMetabolic
Ukugcina i-metabolism enempilo kubalulekile empilweni yonke, futhi i-acetyl zingerone ingase ibe nomthelela ekusekelweni kwe-metabolic. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-acetyl zingerone isiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini futhi ithuthukise ukuzwela kwe-insulin, okuyizici ezibalulekile ekulawuleni isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo se-metabolic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetyl zingerone ingasiza ekukhuthazeni iphrofayili ye-lipid enempilo, iqhubeke nokusekela impilo ye-metabolic.
Izicelo ze-acetyl zingerone
Imvelo eguquguqukayo ye-acetyl zingerone ivumela ukufakwa kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Okunye okuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwe-acetyl zingerone kusezithasiselweni zokudla, lapho ukungezwa kwayo kungasekela impilo yonke kanye nokuphila kahle. Izakhiwo zayo ze-antioxidant kanye ne-anti-inflammatory zenza kube isengezo esibalulekile kumafomula aklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukusebenza komzimba nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
I-Acetyl zingerone nayo ingena embonini yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, lapho izinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona empilweni yesikhumba zixhashazwa. Kusukela kumakhilimu alwa nokuguga kuya kuma-serum nama-lotions, lesi sithako esinamandla sisetshenziselwa ukulwa nemiphumela yokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative nokukhuthaza ibala lentsha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetyl zingerone iyahlolwa ukuze isetshenziswe embonini yokudla neziphuzo. Ikhono layo lokusekela impilo yokugaya ukudla likwenza kube isithako esithembisayo semikhiqizo eklanyelwe ukukhuthaza impilo yamathumbu, kuyilapho izakhiwo zayo ze-antioxidant zikwenza kube isengezo esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kokudla okusebenzayo nesiphuzo.
Embonini yezemithi, i-acetyl zingerone iyafundelwa ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokwelapha ezingase zibe khona. Izakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala ziyenza ibe umuntu ozongenela ukhetho lokuthuthukisa imithi emisha yezifo ezivuvukalayo, enikeza ithemba kubantu abaphethwe yilezo zifo.
Zahamba izinsuku wawungazi ukuthi uzozithengaphi izithasiselo zakho. Ukuphithizela ngaleso sikhathi kwakungokoqobo. Kufanele uhambe ezitolo ngezitolo, uye ezitolo ezinkulu, ezitolo ezinkulu, nasemakhemisi, ubuze ngezithako zakho ozithandayo. Okubi kakhulu okwenzekayo wukuhamba usuku lonke ungagcini ngokuthola okufunayo. Okubi nakakhulu, uma uthola lo mkhiqizo, uzozizwa unengcindezi yokuthenga lowo mkhiqizo.
Namuhla, kunezindawo eziningi lapho ungathenga khona i-acetyl zingerone powder. Ngenxa ye-inthanethi, ungathenga noma yini ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho. Ukuba ku-inthanethi akugcini nje ngokwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula, futhi kwenza ulwazi lwakho lokuthenga lube lula. Uphinde ube nethuba lokufunda kabanzi ngalesi sithasiselo esimangalisayo ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokusithenga.
Kukhona abathengisi abaningi be-inthanethi namuhla futhi kungase kube nzima kuwe ukukhetha engcono kakhulu. Okufanele ukwazi ukuthi yize bonke bezothembisa igolide, akubona bonke abazoletha.
Uma ufuna ukuthenga i-acetyl zingerone powder ngobuningi, ungahlala uthembele kithi. Sinikeza izithasiselo ezihamba phambili ezizoletha imiphumela. Oda eSuzhou Myland namuhla bese uqala uhambo lwakho oluya empilweni enhle kakhulu.
1. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi kanye Nesitifiketi
Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kubalulekile lapho ukhetha umenzi we-acetylzingerone. Bheka abakhiqizi abanamathela ezinyathelweni eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi futhi abanezitifiketi ezifanele ezifana ne-ISO, GMP noma i-HACCP. Lezi zitifiketi zibonisa ukuzibophezela komkhiqizi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokuthobela izindinganiso zomkhakha. Ukwengeza, buza ngezinqubo zokuhlola zomkhiqizi nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ukuze uqinisekise ubumsulwa namandla e-acetylzingerone.
2. Ucwaningo Nedumela
Ngaphambi kokusebenza nanoma yimuphi umkhiqizi, yenza ucwaningo olunzulu ngesithunzi sakhe kanye nerekhodi lakhe. Bheka ukubuyekezwa, ubufakazi, nezifundo eziyisibonelo ezivela kwamanye amakhasimende ukuze uhlole ukwethembeka nokusebenza komkhiqizi. Umkhiqizi ohloniphekile uzoba nomlando wokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngokungaguquki kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende enhle kakhulu. Ukwengeza, cabangela ulwazi lomkhiqizi ekukhiqizeni i-acetylzingerone kanye nekhono labo ekuphatheni izidingo ezithile zomkhakha wakho.
3. Amakhono okwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokwakheka
Imboni ngayinye inezidingo ezihlukile zokwakheka kwe-acetylzingerone. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga ukugxiliswa okuthile, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, noma ukwakheka, kubalulekile ukukhetha umkhiqizi ongenza umkhiqizo ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze uhlangabezane nezimfuneko zakho eziqondile. Xoxisana ngezidingo zakho ezithile nomkhiqizi futhi ubuze mayelana namakhono abo okuwenza, uchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuzimisela ukwamukela izidingo zangokwezifiso. Abakhiqizi abangakwazi ukwenza imikhiqizo yabo ngokwezifiso ihambisane nezidingo zakho banganikeza ibhizinisi lakho inzuzo yokuncintisana.
4. Supply chain kanye Logistics
Ukuphathwa kwe-supply chain ngendlela efanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto yizici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa abakhiqizi be-acetyl zingerone. Linganisa amandla okukhiqiza womkhiqizi, izikhathi zokulethwa, kanye nekhono lokuhlangabezana namavolumu afunekayo. Futhi, cabangela amakhono abo okuthumela nokulethwa, ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Umkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa kufanele abe nenethiwekhi ye-supply chain eqinile kanye nekhono lokugcwalisa ama-oda ngesikhathi esifanele, eqinisekisa ukunikezwa okuzinzile nokuqhubekayo kwe-acetyl zingiberone yebhizinisi lakho.
5. Ukuthobela Umthetho kanye Nokubhalwa Kwemibhalo
Amazinga okulawula kanye nezidingo zemibhalo kufanele kulandelwe lapho kutholakala i-acetylsingone kubakhiqizi. Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi uthobela yonke imithetho nesiqondiso esifanele esibekwe izindikimba ezilawulayo zemboni yakho. Cela amadokhumenti njengezitifiketi zokuhlaziya, amaphepha edatha yokuphepha, nezitifiketi zokuthobela imithetho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi abakhiqizi bathobela ikhwalithi nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Abakhiqizi ababeka phambili ukuthobela imithetho bakhombisa ukuzibophezela kwabo ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ephephile nethobelanayo.
I-Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. ibambe iqhaza ebhizinisini lesengezo sokudla okunempilo kusukela ngo-1992. Yinkampani yokuqala eShayina ukuthuthukisa nokudayisa imbewu yamagilebhisi.
Njengoba inesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-30 futhi iqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye namasu e-R&D athuthukiswe kakhulu, inkampani ithuthukise uhla lwemikhiqizo encintisanayo futhi yaba isithasiselo sesayensi yempilo emisha, ukuhlanganisa ngokwezifiso kanye nenkampani yezinkonzo zokukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSuzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. iphinde ibe ngumkhiqizi obhalisiwe we-FDA. Izinsiza ze-R&D zenkampani, izikhungo zokukhiqiza, namathuluzi okuhlaziya kungokwesimanjemanje futhi kunemisebenzi eminingi futhi ingakhiqiza amakhemikhali ukusuka kumamiligremu ukuya kumathani esikalini, futhi ithobelane namazinga e-ISO 9001 kanye nemininingwane yokukhiqiza ye-GMP.
Q: Iyini i-acetyl zingerone futhi itholakala kanjani?
A:I-Acetyl zingerone iyinhlanganisela etholakala ku-zingerone, etholakala ku-ginger. Idalwe ngenqubo ebandakanya i-acetylation ye-zingerone.
Q: Yiziphi izinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-acetyl zingerone?
A:I-Acetyl zingerone iye yafundelwa amandla ayo okuqeda ukuvuvukala, i-antioxidant, kanye nezindawo zokulwa nomdlavuza. Ingase futhi ibe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ekukhuthazeni impilo yokugaya nokulawula ubuhlungu.
Q:Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo noma ukukhathazeka kokuphepha okuhlotshaniswa ne-acetyl zingerone?
A: Nakuba i-acetyl zingerone ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile ukuthi isetshenziswe, kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa ngokusesilinganisweni. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokungezwani komzimba noma ukungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla lapho bedla inani elikhulu le-acetyl zingerone.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko esolwazi oluvamile kuphela futhi akufanele sithathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Olunye ulwazi lokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi luvela ku-inthanethi futhi alusebenzi. Le webhusayithi inomthwalo wemfanelo kuphela wokuhlunga, ukufometha kanye nokuhlela ama-athikili. Injongo yokudlulisa ulwazi olwengeziwe ayisho ukuthi uyavumelana nemibono yayo noma uqinisekise ubuqiniso bokuqukethwe kwayo. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma wenze izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-31-2024
