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Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezinolwazi: Izinto Okumele Zicatshangelwe Lapho Ubambisana nabakhiqizi be-powder RU58841

Emhlabeni wamakhemikhali emithi nocwaningo, ukuthola uzakwethu ofanele wokukhiqiza kubalulekile empumelelweni yebhizinisi lakho. Lapho uthola i-RU58841 powder, umphikisi onamandla we-androgen receptor osetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukulahlekelwa izinwele, izici eziningana kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokungena ebudlelwaneni nomkhiqizi, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukwethembeka, ukuhambisana nokulawula , amakhono e-R & D, izindleko, ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. kanye nedumela. Ngokuhlolisisa lezi zici, ungenza isinqumo esinolwazi futhi wakhe ubambiswano oluphumelelayo nomkhiqizi ohloniphekile wezidingo zakho zokuthenga i-RU58841 powder.

Yiziphi izimbangela ezinkulu zokuqothuka kwezinwele?

Ukulahlekelwa izinwele kuyinto evamile kubantu abaningi, futhi kungaba umthombo wobuhlungu nokukhungatheka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinwele eziba zincane, izinwele ezihlehlayo, noma impandla, ukulahlekelwa izinwele kuthinta okungaphezu nje kokubukeka. Ukuqonda izimbangela eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa izinwele kubalulekile ekutholeni izixazululo eziphumelelayo nokuthola umsuka wenkinga.

I-Genetics: Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqothuka kwezinwele ufuzo. I-Androgenic alopecia, eyaziwa nangokuthi impandla yesilisa noma yowesifazane, iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuqothuka kwezinwele futhi kunqunywa kakhulu izici zofuzo. Lolu hlobo lokuqothuka kwezinwele lubonakala ngokuncipha okuqhubekayo kwezinwele, ngokuvamile okuqala emathempelini noma umqhele wekhanda emadodeni, nokunwebeka ngezigaba noma ukuncipha okuphelele kwabesifazane. Nakuba izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima enkulu kulolu hlobo lokuqothuka kwezinwele, ezinye izici ezinjengokungalingani kwamahomoni nokuguga nazo zingase zibe nomthelela ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwayo.

Ukungalingani kweHormonal: Ukungalingani kweHormone nakho kungaholela ekulahlekelweni izinwele. Izimo ezifana ne-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) nesifo se-thyroid zingaphazamisa ibhalansi evamile yamahomoni emzimbeni, kubangele izinwele zibe zincane futhi zilahlekelwe. Kwabesilisa, i-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) eyeqile, i-byproduct ye-testosterone, ingabangela izinwele zezinwele ukuba zinciphise futhi zifinyeze umjikelezo wokukhula kwezinwele, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinwele. Ukushintsha kwamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa izinwele kwesikhashana kwabesifazane.

Izici zokucindezeleka kanye nendlela yokuphila: Ukucindezeleka okungapheli, ukudla okungenamsoco kanye nemikhuba engemihle yokuphila kungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yezinwele. Ukucindezeleka kungaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-telogen effluvium, lapho izinombolo eziningi zezinwele zingena esigabeni sokuphumula, okubangela ukuchithwa ngokweqile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukukhetha okungalungile kokudla okuntula imisoco ebalulekile njengensimbi, amaprotheni, namavithamini nakho kungathinta amandla nokukhula kwezinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhema, ukuphuza ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca kungase kubangele ukungahambi kahle kwegazi kanye nokulethwa kwezakhi esikhumbeni, okuthinta impilo yezinwele zezinwele.

Izimo Zezokwelapha Nokwelashwa: Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa izinwele njengomphumela oseceleni. Izifo ezizimele ezifana ne-alopecia areata zingabangela ukuqothuka kwezinwele kungazelelwe, kuyilapho izimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-psoriasis ne-seborrheic dermatitis zingathinta isikhumba sekhanda futhi zibangele ukuqothuka kwezinwele. Ukwengeza, ukuthola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali omdlavuza noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa izinwele kakhulu ngokuthinta amangqamuzana ahlukana ngokushesha, kuhlanganise nezinwele zezinwele. Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezinjengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukucindezeleka, nesifo samathambo ingase ibe nemiphumela engemihle ebangela ukuba izinwele zibe zincane.

Izindlela Zokwenza Izitayela Eziningi Nezokunakekelwa Kwezinwele: Isitayela sokushisa ngokweqile, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, nezinwele eziqinile zingalimaza umphini wezinwele, okuholela ekuphukeni nasekuqothukeni kwezinwele. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ashisayo afana neziqondiso zezinwele nama-curling irons emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kungenza izinwele zakho zibe buthaka, zenze kube lula ukuphuka. Ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali njengokwenza umbala ube mhlophe, ukuvuma, nokudaywa kungalimaza i-hair cuticle futhi kubangele ukuqothuka kwezinwele uma kungenziwanga ngokucophelela. Ukwengeza, izinwele zezinwele eziqinile njengama-braids, ponytails, kanye nezandiso zingase ziholele ekudonseni kwe-alopecia, uhlobo lokulahlekelwa izinwele okubangelwa ukudonsa njalo ezimpandeni zezinwele.

RU58841 powder abakhiqizi4

Ingabe i-ru58841 yokulahlekelwa izinwele?

Ukuze ukwazi nomaRU58841 inomthelela ekukhuleni kwezinwele, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-RU58841 nokuthi isebenza kanjani. I-RU-58841 ihlukaniswa njenge-modulator ye-androgen receptor ekhethiwe (i-SARM), okusho ukuthi ivimbela imiphumela ye-androgens, ikakhulukazi i-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), kuma-follicle ezinwele. I-Dihydrotestosterone yaziwa njengembangela enkulu yokuqothuka kwezinwele, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezakhi zofuzo ze-alopecia ye-androgenetic (eyaziwa nangokuthi impandla yesilisa noma yowesifazane).

 Ukutadisha imiphumela ye-RU58841 ekukhuleni kwezinwele kubantu,abacwaningi basebenzisa ama-20 ama-scalp grafts akhiqizayo avela emadodeni anempandla. Lezi zagcinwa izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili futhi zaxhunyelelwa kumagundane anqunu ukuze kuqashwe ukukhula kwezinwele. Ukuqapha kwaqhubeka izinyanga ezingu-6, phakathi nesikhathi lapho kusetshenziswa izixazululo ze-testosterone. Amanye amasampula e-scalp aphathwe ngesisombululo se-topical se-RU58841 izinsuku ezingu-5 ngesonto, kanti amanye amasampula e-scalp aphathwa ngesisombululo se-ethanol njengokulawula. Imiphumela ibonisa ukusebenza kwe-RU58841 ekukhuleni kwezinwele.

Ama-grafts aphathwe ngesisombululo se-RU58841 anenani lama-follicles asebenzayo angu-29, kuyilapho ama-grafts okulawula ayenama-follicle amabili. Phakathi kwezinwele zezinwele ezisebenzayo, i-28% ye-RU58841-follicles ephathwayo ibonise umjikelezo wezinwele wesibili, kanti eqenjini lokulawula, ama-follicle angu-2 kuphela aqala umjikelezo wezinwele wesibili. Ucwaningo luphethe ngokuthi inani lezinga lokukhula kwezinwele ezilinganayo laliphakeme kakhulu eqenjini eliphathwe nge-RU58841 nokuthi lo mkhiqizo othile ungasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukwelapha i-alopecia encike ku-androgen.

Olunye ucwaningo (Pan et al., 1998) lugxile ku-RU58841 njenge-antiandrogen kumaseli we-PC3 we-prostate futhi njenge-antialopecia ye-topical esikhumbeni sekhanda se-rhesus macaques. Uma isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa nokulahlekelwa izinwele, imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko ze-RU58841 akugcini nje ukwandisa ukuminyana kwezinwele, kodwa futhi kwandise ukushuba nobude bezinwele. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-RU58841 anti-androgen ingase ibe ikhandidethi elihle kakhulu ekwelapheni amadermatoses ancike ku-androgen.

Ukwengeza, umsebenzi we-in vivo wezinhlanganisela kanye nomsebenzi wama-metabolites awo kwahlolwa. Lokhu kuhlobene nemingcele ehlobene nemiphumela ye-systemic antiandrogen, njenge-prostate kanye nezisindo ze-seminal vesicle.

Imiphumela yesistimu ibonisa ukuthi i-metabolite evamile i-RU58841 inemiphumela ebalulekile yokulwa ne-androgenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuhlobana phakathi kokwakheka kwephesenti yale metabolite kanye nomsebenzi we-systemic we-antiandrogenic we-compound.

Ngakho-ke kungaphetha ngokuthi iphrofayili ye-pharmacological ye-RU58841 ibangelwa ukuthambekela kwayo okuphansi ukwakha i-N-defatted alkyl metabolites, ebonisa umsebenzi onamandla wendawo we-antiandrogenic ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesistimu.

RU58841 powder abakhiqizi2

I-RU-58841: Umthelela Ocwaningweni Lokulahlekelwa Izinwele

 

Indlela

I-DHT (DHT): I-RU-58841 iyinhlanganisela ye-anti-androgenic, okusho ukuthi iphikisana nemiphumela ye-DHT, kuhlanganise ne-acne nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Isebenza ngokuvimbela i-androgen receptor ekubopheni ku-HF, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhula kwezinwele. Ngokuvimbela i-androgen receptor ekubopheni ku-HF, izinwele ziyakwazi ukudlula umjikelezo wazo wokukhula ovamile.

Ama-Follicle Ezinwele Ezilimele: Ikhono le-RU-58841 lokusiza ukubuyiswa kweseli kanye nomphumela walo ekubuyeni kwe-HF eyonakele esigabeni esivamile se-anagen kuyacwaningwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kuthinta kanjani ukukhula kwezinwele.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Testosterone: I-Topical RU-58841 ayiphazamisi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DHT ne-testosterone. Ngokuyinhloko ivimbela imiphumela yazo ezinhlakeni zezinwele futhi ifundelwa imiphumela yazo ekukhuleni kwezinwele.

Izinzuzo ezingaba khona

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-RU-58841 yikhono layo lokukhomba ngokuqondile ama-androgen receptors esikhumbeni ngaphandle kokuthinta amazinga e-systemic we-androgens emzimbeni. Le ndlela ehlosiwe ingase inciphise ingozi yemiphumela emibi yesistimu ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa namanye ama-antiandrogens. Ukwengeza, i-RU-58841 ibonise amandla okukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezinwele ezigulini ezine-alopecia ye-androgenic, okwenza kube ikhandidethi elithembisayo lokwelashwa kokulahlekelwa izinwele.

Imiphumela yocwaningo

Kuye kwenziwa izifundo eziningana ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle kwe-RU-58841 ekwelapheni ukulahlekelwa izinwele. Ocwaningweni olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Dermatology, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko ze-RU-58841 kubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwezinwele kanye nobubanzi ezigulini ezine-alopecia ye-androgenic. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iphakamisa ukuthi i-RU-58841 ingase ibe yindlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha ukulahlekelwa izinwele, enekhono lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinwele jikelele kanye nokuqina.

Umthelela wesikhathi esizayo

Amandla e-RU-58841 emkhakheni wokubuyisela izinwele anikeza ithemba kubantu abafuna izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuqothuka kwezinwele. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kuthenjwa ukuthi i-RU-58841 ekugcineni izoba inketho esebenzayo kulabo abalwa ne-androgenic alopecia. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-RU-58841 kungase kuvule indlela yezindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nokulahlekelwa izinwele, okuletha ithemba kubantu abebefuna izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.

RU58841 abakhiqizi bempuphu3

Ingabe i-RU58841 ingcono kune-finasteride?

I-Finasteride imithi yomlomo esebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), ihomoni eyaziwa ngokubangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele. Kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu zokuba nempandla yabesilisa futhi kuboniswe ukuthi kusebenza kahle ekubambezeleni ukuqothuka kwezinwele kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kabusha kwezinwele kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, i-finasteride inemiphumela engemihle engaba khona, okuhlanganisa ukuncipha kwe-libido kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, okungase kubangele ukukhathazeka kwabanye abasebenzisi.

I-RU58841, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-antiandrogen ye-topical esebenza ngokuvimbela imiphumela eqondile ye-DHT esikhumbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingakhomba imbangela ewumsuka yokuqothuka kwezinwele ngaphandle kokuthikameze amazinga ehomoni wonke omzimba, okungase kwehlise ingcuphe yemiphumela emibi yesistimu. I-RU58841 ithole ukuduma njengenye indlela ye-finasteride ngenxa yesenzo sayo sasendaweni kanye nengozi ephansi yemiphumela emibi.

Uma uqhathanisa izindlela zokwelapha ezimbili, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusebenza kahle kwazo, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwazo. Nakuba i-finasteride iye yacutshungulwa kabanzi futhi yaboniswa ukuthi iyasebenza ekwelapheni ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ithwala ingozi yemiphumela emibi yesistimu, engase ibe ukukhathazeka kwabanye abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo sendawo se-RU58841 singanikeza enye indlela ephephile kulabo abathintekayo mayelana nemiphumela emibi engase ibe khona yesistimu ehlobene ne-finasteride.

Sengiphetha, kokubili i-RU58841 kanye ne-finasteride yizinketho ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nokuqothuka kwezinwele, futhi ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu kokubili ekugcineni kwehla kulokho okuthandwa nguwe kanye nokukhathazeka. Nakuba i-finasteride inerekhodi elihle lokusebenza kahle, imiphumela yayo engemihle yesistimu ingase ivimbe abanye abasebenzisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo sendawo se-RU58841 kanye nengozi ephansi yemiphumela emibi kungayenza inketho ekhangayo kulabo abafuna enye indlela ephephile ye-finasteride.

RU58841 abakhiqizi bempuphu

Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Lapho Ubambisana nabakhiqizi be-powder RU58841

Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nobumsulwa

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele lapho usebenza nomkhiqizi we-powder RU58841 yikhwalithi nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo. Njengekhemikhali yophenyo, i-RU58841 kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo nokuphepha kokwelashwa kokulahlekelwa izinwele. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi onamathela ku-Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) futhi unomlando oqinisekisiwe wokukhiqiza i-RU58841 powder ehlanzekile yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukwethembeka nokungaguquguquki

Lapho usebenza nomkhiqizi we-RU58841 we-powder, ukwethembeka nokuvumelana komkhiqizo kubalulekile. Ufuna umkhiqizi ongakwazi ukuletha ngokuqhubekayo izinga eliphezulu le-RU58841 powder ngobuningi obudingayo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi noma ukuhlanzeka. Bheka abakhiqizi abanerekhodi elifakazelwe lokwethembeka nokungaguquguquki ezinqubweni zabo zokukhiqiza kanye ne-supply chain.

Ukuthobela imithetho

Uma uthenga i-RU58841 powder, kufanele usebenze nomkhiqizi ohlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zokulawula ezifanele. Qinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi balandela imithethonqubo edingekayo kanye nesiqondiso sokukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa nokusabalalisa kwe-RU58841 powder. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuthobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokwenziwa kwemithi kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo emazweni lapho abakhiqizi basebenza khona.

Amakhono e-R & D

Ukusebenza nomkhiqizi wempuphu we-RU58841 onekhono eliqinile le-R&D kungaletha izinzuzo ebhizinisini lakho. Abakhiqizi abagxile ekusunguleni nasekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kungenzeka ukuthi banikeze ukwakheka okuthuthukile kanye nentuthuko yomkhiqizo emisha esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole inzuzo yokuncintisana emakethe futhi uthole ukufinyelela kwentuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-RU58841 powder. 

RU58841 abakhiqizi bempuphu5

Izindleko Namanani

Nakuba izindleko akufanele kube ukuphela kwesici esinqumayo, isakhiwo samanani nezindleko esinikezwe umkhiqizi we-RU58841 we-powder kumele kucatshangelwe. Qhathanisa amanani avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene futhi uhlole inani abalinikezayo ngokwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukwethembeka, kanye nezinsizakalo ezengeziwe njengosekelo lobuchwepheshe kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende. Bheka umkhiqizi onikeza amanani ancintisanayo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende

Ukusebenza nomkhiqizi we-powder we-RU58841 ohlinzeka ngokusekela okuhle kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende kungathuthukisa kakhulu isipiliyoni sakho njengomthengi. Bheka umkhiqizi onikeza ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende okusabelayo, usizo lobuchwepheshe, kanye nesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa ukuze uxazulule noma imiphi imibuzo noma izinkinga ongase ube nazo. Abakhiqizi abakwazisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende futhi banikeze ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo bangaba negalelo ebudlelwaneni obuhle futhi obukhiqizayo.

Supply Chain kanye Logistics

Lapho uhlola abangaba ozakwethu, cabangela i-RU58841 yochungechunge lokunikezwa komkhiqizi wempuphu namandla wezinto zokusebenza. Abakhiqizi abanokuphatha okusebenzayo kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla nezinqubo zezokuthutha bangaqinisekisa ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi, banciphise izikhathi zokuhola, futhi banciphise ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain. Uma udinga ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke kwe-RU58841 powder, sicela uhlole ikhono lomkhiqizi lokuphatha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nemvume yamasiko.

Isithunzi Nezikhombo

Okokugcina, cabangela idumela lomkhiqizi we-RU58841 kanye nezinkomba embonini. Bheka abakhiqizi abanegama elihle, ukubuyekezwa okuvela kumakhasimende anelisekile, kanye nerekhodi eliqinisekisiwe lokuletha imikhiqizo namasevisi wekhwalithi ephezulu. Funa izinkomba ezivela kwamanye amabhizinisi noma ochwepheshe abasebenze nomkhiqizi ukuze uthole ukuqonda ngokuthembeka kwabo, ubungcweti, kanye nokusebenza kukonke.

I-Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. ibambe iqhaza ebhizinisini lesengezo sokudla okunempilo kusukela ngo-1992. Yinkampani yokuqala eShayina ukuthuthukisa nokudayisa imbewu yamagilebhisi.

Njengoba inesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-30 futhi iqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye namasu e-R&D athuthukiswe kakhulu, inkampani ithuthukise uhla lwemikhiqizo encintisanayo futhi yaba isithasiselo sesayensi yempilo emisha, ukuhlanganisa ngokwezifiso kanye nenkampani yezinkonzo zokukhiqiza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSuzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. iphinde ibe ngumkhiqizi obhalisiwe we-FDA. Izinsiza ze-R&D zenkampani, izikhungo zokukhiqiza, namathuluzi okuhlaziya kungokwesimanjemanje futhi kunemisebenzi eminingi futhi ingakhiqiza amakhemikhali ukusuka kumamiligremu ukuya kumathani esikalini, futhi ithobelane namazinga e-ISO 9001 kanye nemininingwane yokukhiqiza ye-GMP.

Q: Yiziphi izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ubambisana nabakhiqizi be-powder RU58841?
A: Uma ucabangela ukubambisana nabakhiqizi be-powder RU58841, kubalulekile ukuhlola izici ezifana nesithunzi somkhiqizi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, amanani, ukwethembeka, kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende. Lezi zici zingaba nomthelela omkhulu empumelelweni yobambiswano kanye nekhwalithi isiyonke yomkhiqizo.

Q:ungayithenga kuphi i-ru58841 powder
A:I-Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. isithasiselo sesayensi yempilo esisha, ukuhlanganiswa ngokwezifiso kanye nenkampani yezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza. Sithuthukisa ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-RU58841 powder.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko esolwazi oluvamile kuphela futhi akufanele sithathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Olunye ulwazi lokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi luvela ku-inthanethi futhi alusebenzi. Le webhusayithi inomthwalo wemfanelo kuphela wokuhlunga, ukufometha kanye nokuhlela ama-athikili. Injongo yokudlulisa ulwazi olwengeziwe ayisho ukuthi uyavumelana nemibono yayo noma uqinisekise ubuqiniso bokuqukethwe kwayo. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma wenze izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-10-2024