I-Urolithin A yizinhlanganisela zemvelo ezingamakhemikhali e-metabolite akhiqizwa amagciwane amathumbu aguqula ama-ellagitannins ukuze athuthukise impilo ezingeni lamaselula. I-Urolithin B ithole ukunakwa kwabacwaningi ngekhono layo lokuthuthukisa impilo yamathumbu nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. I-Urolithin A ne-urolithin B inezakhiwo ezihlobene, kodwa inomehluko othile ohlukile. Yimuphi umehluko othize wena, ake sithole!
Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi bebefunda ngezinzuzo zezempilo ze-urolithin, isakhi semvelo esiyinhlanganisela ye-metabolite ekhiqizwa ukuguqulwa kwe-ellagitannins ngamagciwane amathumbu. Ama-precursors awo yi-ellagic acid nama-ellagitannins, avela ngokwemvelo emithonjeni yokudla eminingana njengehalananda, i-guava, itiye, ama-pecans, amantongomane, namajikijolo afana nama-strawberry, ama-raspberries amnyama, namajikijolo amnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-urolithin A, i-polyphenol yemvelo, inesithakazelo njenge-antioxidant enamandla kanye ne-anti-inflammatory agent enezinzuzo ezinhle zezempilo.
Sizifundo eziphenya the imiphumela ye-UA emisebenzini yeselula kanye nezindlela zebhayoloji ibonise ukuthi inezindlela eziningi zokwenza. Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi i-UA yenza kusebenze i-mitochondrial autophagy, inqubo esusa i-mitochondria eyonakele kuseli futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Lesi senzo sisebenza ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezihlobene nokuguga, njengoba i-mitochondria engasebenzi iholela ekuqoqweni kokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative nokuvuvukala. I-UA iphinde ilawule ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyekayo ekuphenduleni kwengcindezi ye-oxidative, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA kanye ne-apoptosis, okubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho beselula nokuvimbela umdlavuza.
Okunyer isici esithakazelisayo se-UA siamandla ayo njenge-senescence scavenger, okusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhetha ngokukhetha i-apoptosis kumaseli e-senescent, okungamangqamuzana alimele angasahlukanisi kodwa akhipha izinto eziyingozi ezilimaza amaseli nezicubu ezingomakhelwane. Amaseli e-Senescent ahlotshaniswa nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nokuguga, njenge-arthritis, i-atherosclerosis kanye ne-neurodegeneration. Ngokuqeda la maseli ngokukhetha, i-UA ingabambezela noma ivimbele ukuqala kwalezi zifo futhi ithuthukise impilo yonke.
I-Urolithins iyisigaba sezinhlanganisela ezaziwa ngokuthi i-ellagitannin metabolites, ekhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko yi-gut microbiota. Phakathi kwawo, ama-molecule amabili, i-urolithin A ne-urolithin B, athole ukunakwa okubalulekile ngezinzuzo zawo zezempilo ezingaba khona. Lezi zinhlanganisela zitholakala ezithelweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana namapomegranati, ama-strawberries, nama-raspberries. Kule bhulogi, sizobhekisisa izici ezihlobene ne-urolithin A ne-urolithin B.
I-Urolithin A iyi-molecule eningi kakhulu yomndeni we-urolithin, futhi iye yacwaningwa kahle ngezindawo zayo ze-antioxidant ne-anti-inflammatory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi i-UA ingathuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial futhi ivimbele ukulimala kwemisipha. I-UA yaziwa nangezindawo zayo zokulwa nomdlavuza ezingaba khona. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi i-UA inganqanda ukwanda kwamaseli futhi ibangele ukufa kwamaseli emigqeni yamaseli omdlavuza ahlukahlukene, okubandakanya i-prostate, ibele, namaseli omdlavuza wekoloni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-urolithin B izuze ukunakwa kwabacwaningi ngekhono layo lokuthuthukisa impilo yamathumbu nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi i-UB ingathuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwamagciwane emathunjini futhi yehlise ama-cytokines ane-pro-inflammatory, njenge-interleukin-6 kanye ne-tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UB iphinde yatholwa ukuthi inezici ezingase zibe ne-neuroprotective, njengoba ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ze-neurodegenerative ezifana ne-Parkinson kanye ne-Alzheimer's.
Naphezu kwezakhiwo zabo ezihlobene, i-UA ne-UB inomehluko othile ophawulekayo. Isibonelo, i-UA iboniswe ukuthi inamandla kakhulu njenge-ejenti elwa nokuvuvukala ne-antioxidant kune-UB. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-UB itholakale iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, njengokumelana ne-insulin nokuhlukaniswa kwe-adipocyte. Ukwengeza, ngokungafani ne-UA, i-UB ayizange ifundwe kabanzi njenge-ejenti elwa nomdlavuza.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-UA ne-UB nayo ihlukile. I-UA yenza kusebenze i-Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) indlela, edlala indima ku-mitochondrial biogenesis, kuyilapho i-UB ithuthukisa indlela ye-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ebandakanyeka ku-homeostasis yamandla. Lezi zindlela zifaka isandla emiphumeleni enenzuzo yalezi zinhlanganisela empilweni.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezijabulisayo ze-UA ne-UB, kusenemikhawulo ekusebenziseni kwazo. Isibonelo, i-bioavailability yalezi zinhlanganisela isephansi kakhulu, futhi i-pharmacokinetics yazo ayiqondakali kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela walezi zinhlanganisela kubantu usazocaciswa ngokugcwele, njengoba ucwaningo oluningi luye lwenziwa ku-vitro noma kumamodeli ezilwane. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olukhona luphakamisa ukuthi i-UA ne-UB kungaba abantu abathembisayo ukuthuthukisa ukudla okusebenzayo noma izithasiselo zokusekela impilo yonke nokuvimbela izifo.
I-Urolithin A. Le molecule encane etholakala ngokwemvelo ezithelweni ezithile namantongomane idumile ngenxa yekhono layo okuthiwa lokuthuthukisa yonke into kusukela ekukhuleni kwemisipha kuya ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. I-Urolithin A iyi-metabolite, okusho ukuthi iwumkhiqizo wezinye izinhlanganisela emzimbeni. Ngokuqondile, ikhiqizwa lapho amagciwane amathumbu ephula i-ellagitannins, etholakala ekudleni okuthile okunjengamapomegranati, ama-strawberries nama-walnuts. Kodwa nansi ingxenye ethakazelisayo: akuwona wonke umuntu onamagciwane amathumbu adingekayo ukuze akhiqize i-urolithin A. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kuphela abantu abangaba ngu-30-50% abangakhiqiza le molekyuli ngokwemvelo. Yilapho izithasiselo zisiza khona.
Ngakho, ziyiniizinzuzo ze-urolithin A? Nokho, enye yezimangalo ezinkulu ukuthi kungasiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yemisipha. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Nature Medicine lwathola ukuthi lapho amagundane enikezwa i-urolithin A, abe nokwanda kwe-42% ekukhuthazeleni kanye nokwanda kwe-70% kwemisipha. Yize le miphumela ihlaba umxhwele impela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu bekuwucwaningo oluncane futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe lokhu okutholakele kubantu.
Kodwa akuyona yonke le nto okuthiwa i-urolithin A. Kuye kwaboniswa futhi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial. I-Mitochondria empeleni iyizitshalo zamandla zamaseli, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza amandla umzimba ongawasebenzisa. Njengoba sikhula, umsebenzi wethu we-mitochondrial uqala ukwehla, okungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuthi i-urolithin A ingasiza ekubambezeleni lokhu kwehla, okungase kube ngcono impilo yonke kanye nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila.
Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, i-urolithin A nayo iboniswe inezinzuzo zokuqonda. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kumagazini we-Scientific Reports lwathola ukuthi lapho amagundane enikezwa i-urolithin A, inkumbulo nekhono lokufunda kwaba ngcono. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yemiphumela ye-molecule elwa nokuvuvukala, esiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana obuchopho ekulimaleni.
I-Urolithin B, isakhi esitholakala kumajikijolo ahlukahlukene namapomegranati, yaziwa ngezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona ekuthuthukiseni impilo ye-metabolic kanye nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi i-urolithin B inezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ezingapheli futhi zithuthukise impilo yonke.
1. Izakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala
Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kuyimbangela eyinhloko yezifo eziningi, kuhlanganise nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela kanye nomdlavuza. I-Urolithin B inezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala ezisiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ingozi yesifo esingelapheki. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-urolithin B yehlisa kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwamagundane anesifo samathumbu avuvukalayo, okusikisela ukusebenza kwayo okungaba khona ekwelapheni abantu abanezifo ezifanayo.
2. Izakhiwo ze-Antioxidant
I-Urolithin B iyi-antioxidant enamandla, okusho ukuthi ingasiza ukuvikela umzimba ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative, inqubo elimaza amangqamuzana futhi ikhuthaze inqubo yokuguga. I-Urolithin B isiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-oxidative ngokuqeda ama-radicals mahhala, angabangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana futhi kubangele izifo ezingapheli. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-urolithin B yehlisa ingcindezi ye-oxidative kumagundane, iqhubeka nokusekela amandla ayo njengesithasiselo sokulwa nokuguga.
3. Thuthukisa impilo yemisipha
I-Urolithin B iboniswe ukuthi ivuse i-mitochondrial autophagy, inqubo yeselula esiza ukuqeda i-mitochondria eyonakele kumaseli. Le nqubo isiza ukuthuthukisa impilo nokusebenza kwemisipha jikelele, okwenza kube isengezo esingaba khona kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola ukuthi i-urolithin B ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwemisipha namandla kumagundane nakubantu.
4. Isekela impilo yengqondo
I-Urolithin B iboniswe ukuthi isekela impilo yengqondo ngokukhuthaza i-neuroplasticity, inqubo esiza ubuchopho ukuthi buvumelane nolwazi olusha futhi ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-urolithin B ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo kanye nenkumbulo ethuthukisiwe kumagundane.
5. Izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokuphila isikhathi eside
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi i-urolithin B inamandla okukhuthaza impilo ende ngokuthuthukisa impilo ye-metabolic, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, nokuvikela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-urolithin B yandisa ubude besikhathi sokuphila ku-C. elegans, uhlobo lwe-nematode worm, esekela izinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona zokuthuthukisa impilo ende.
1. Ihalananda
Igromegranate ingenye yemithombo engcono kakhulu ye-urolithin. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ijusi yamapomegranate ingakhuphula amazinga egazi we-urolithins A no-B. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapomegranati anezinye izinzuzo zezempilo, kuhlanganise nezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant.
2. Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo afana nama-strawberries, ama-raspberries namajikijolo amnyama nawo ayimithombo emihle ye-urolithin. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamajikijolo kungakhuphula izinga legazi le-urolithin A no-B.
3. Amantongomane
Ama-Walnuts nama-pecans namanye amantongomane nawo angumthombo omuhle we-urolithin. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamantongomane kuzonyusa izinga le-urolithin A no-B egazini.
I-Urolithin A no-B yizinhlanganisela zemvelo ezikhona ekudleni okuthile, zinezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, zithuthukisa impilo ye-mitochondrial nemisipha, futhi zikhuthaze impilo yengqondo. Amapomegranati, amajikijolo, amantongomane kanye nezithako ze-ellagitannin ezinye zemithombo yokudla engcono kakhulu engahlinzeka nge-urolithins. Ukufaka lokhu kudla ekudleni kwakho kungakusiza uvule izinzuzo ze-urolithins A no-B futhi kukhuthaze ukuguga okunempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2023
