I-Urolithin A yizinhlanganisela zemvelo ezingama-metabolite compounds akhiqizwa amabhaktheriya amathumbu aguqula ama-ellagitannins ukuze athuthukise impilo ezingeni lamaseli. I-Urolithin B idonsele ukunaka kwabacwaningi ngekhono layo lokuthuthukisa impilo yamathumbu nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. I-Urolithin A kanye ne-urolithin B zinezakhiwo ezihlobene, kodwa zinomehluko ohlukile. Ake sithole ukuthi yimiphi umehluko oqondile!
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ososayensi bebefunda ngezinzuzo zezempilo ze-urolithin, isakhi semvelo esiyinhlanganisela ye-metabolite ekhiqizwa ukuguqulwa kwama-ellagitannins ngamagciwane amathumbu. Izandulela zayo yi-ellagic acid kanye ne-ellagitannins, ezivela ngokwemvelo emithonjeni yokudla eminingana njenge-pomegranate, i-guava, itiye, ama-pecan, amantongomane, namajikijolo afana nama-strawberry, ama-raspberry amnyama, nama-blackberry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-urolithin A, i-polyphenol yemvelo, iyathandeka njenge-antioxidant enamandla kanye ne-anti-inflammatory enenzuzo enhle yezempilo.
Sizifundo ziphenya nge-thImiphumela ye-UA emisebenzini yamaseli kanye nezindlela zebhayoloji ikhombisile ukuthi inezindlela eziningi zokusebenza. Izifundo zithole nokuthi i-UA ivuselela i-mitochondrial autophagy, inqubo esusa i-mitochondria eyonakele esitokisini futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Lesi senzo sibaluleke kakhulu ezifweni ezihlobene nokuguga, njengoba i-mitochondria engasebenzi kahle iholela ekuqongeleleni kokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye nokuvuvukala. I-UA iphinde ilawule ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuphenduleni kokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA kanye ne-apoptosis, okubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bamaseli kanye nokuvimbela umdlavuza.
Enyeisici esithakazelisayo se-UAamandla ayo njengombulali wokuguga, okusho ukuthi ingabangela ngokukhetha i-apoptosis kumaseli asebekhulile, okungamaseli alimele angasahlukani kodwa akhipha izinto eziyingozi ezilimaza amaseli nezicubu eziseduze. Amaseli asebekhulile ahlotshaniswa nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nokuguga, njenge-arthritis, i-atherosclerosis kanye ne-neukwakheka kwe-urodegeneration. Ngokususa la maseli ngokukhetha, i-UA ingalibazisa noma ivimbele ukuqala kwalezi zifo futhi ithuthukise impilo iyonke.
Ama-Urolithin ayisigaba samakhemikhali aziwa ngokuthi ama-ellagitannin metabolites, akhiqizwa kakhulu yi-gut microbiota. Phakathi kwawo, ama-molecule amabili, i-urolithin A kanye ne-urolithin B, athole ukunakwa okukhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo zezempilo ezingaba khona. Lawa makhemikhali atholakala ezithelweni ezahlukahlukene ezifana namapomegranate, ama-strawberry, nama-raspberry. Kule blog, sizobheka kabanzi izakhiwo ezihlobene ze-urolithin A kanye ne-urolithin B.
I-Urolithin A iyi-molecule eningi kakhulu emndenini we-urolithin, futhi icwaningwe kahle ngezakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-antioxidant kanye nokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ziphakamise ukuthi i-UA ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial futhi ivimbele ukulimala kwemisipha. I-UA yaziwa futhi ngezakhiwo zayo ezingaba khona zokulwa nomdlavuza. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-UA ingavimbela ukwanda kwamangqamuzana futhi ibangele ukufa kwamangqamuzana emigqeni ehlukahlukene yamangqamuzana omdlavuza, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza we-prostate, webele, kanye nowe-colon.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-urolithin B ithole ukunakwa kwabacwaningi ngekhono layo lokuthuthukisa impilo yamathumbu nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi i-UB ingathuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwamagciwane amathumbu futhi inciphise ama-cytokine abangela ukuvuvukala, njenge-interleukin-6 kanye ne-tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UB nayo itholakale inezakhiwo ezingaba khona zokuvikela izinzwa, njengoba izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo eziwohlokayo zezinzwa njenge-Parkinson's kanye ne-Alzheimer's.
Naphezu kwezakhiwo zazo ezihlobene, i-UA ne-UB zinomehluko ophawulekayo. Isibonelo, i-UA iboniswe inamandla kakhulu njenge-ejenti yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant kune-UB. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-UB itholakale isebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhuluphala, njengokumelana ne-insulin kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwama-adipocyte. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani ne-UA, i-UB ayizange ifundwe kabanzi njenge-ejenti yokulwa nomdlavuza.
Indlela yokusebenza kwe-UA kanye ne-UB nayo ihlukile. I-UA isebenzisa indlela ye-Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), edlala indima ku-mitochondrial biogenesis, kuyilapho i-UB ithuthukisa indlela ye-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ehilelekile ku-energy homeostasis. Lezi zindlela zinegalelo emiphumeleni emihle yalezi zinhlanganisela empilweni.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezijabulisayo ze-UA kanye ne-UB, kusenemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwazo. Isibonelo, ukutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo kwalezi zinhlanganisela kusephansi kakhulu, futhi i-pharmacokinetics yazo ayiqondakali kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela walezi zinhlanganisela kubantu awukacaciswa ngokugcwele, njengoba izifundo eziningi zenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-vitro noma kumamodeli ezilwane. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olukhona lusikisela ukuthi i-UA kanye ne-UB kungaba abantu abathembisayo abazokwakha ukudla okusebenzayo noma izithasiselo zokusekela impilo iyonke nokuvimbela izifo.
I-Urolithin A. Le molekyuli encane etholakala ngokwemvelo ezithelweni ezithile nasemantongeni idumile ngenxa yekhono layo lokuthuthukisa konke kusukela ekukhuleni kwemisipha kuya ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. I-Urolithin A iyi-metabolite, okusho ukuthi ingumkhiqizo wezinye izinto ezitholakala emzimbeni. Ngokukhethekile, ikhiqizwa lapho amabhaktheriya amathumbu ephula ama-ellagitannins, atholakala ekudleni okuthile okufana namapomegranate, ama-strawberry nama-walnuts. Kodwa nansi ingxenye ethokozisayo: akuwona wonke umuntu onamabhaktheriya amathumbu adingekayo ukukhiqiza i-urolithin A. Eqinisweni, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi cishe abantu abangama-30-50% kuphela abangakhiqiza le molekyuli ngokwemvelo. Yilapho izithasiselo zisiza khona.
Ngakho-ke, yiniIzinzuzo ze-urolithin A? Enye yezinsolo ezinkulu ukuthi ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yemisipha. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Nature Medicine luthole ukuthi lapho amagundane enikwa i-urolithin A, ayenokwanda okungu-42% ekukhuthazeleni kanye nokwanda okungu-70% kwemisipha. Nakuba le miphumela imangalisa ngempela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu kwakuyisifundo esincane futhi kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa lokhu okutholakele kubantu.
Kodwa akukhona lokho kuphela okushiwo yi-urolithin A. Kuye kwabonakala futhi ukuthi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial. Ama-Mitochondria empeleni ayizitshalo zamandla zamaseli, ezibhekene nokukhiqiza amandla umzimba ongawasebenzisa. Njengoba siguga, umsebenzi wethu we-mitochondrial uqala ukwehla, okungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwasekuqaleni lusikisela ukuthi i-urolithin A ingasiza ekunciphiseni lokhu kwehla, okungenzeka kuthuthukise impilo iyonke futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila.
Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, i-urolithin A nayo iboniswe ukuthi inezinzuzo zokuqonda. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Scientific Reports luthole ukuthi lapho amagundane enikwa i-urolithin A, inkumbulo yawo kanye nekhono lawo lokufunda lathuthuka. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yemiphumela yale molekyuli yokulwa nokuvuvukala, esiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana obuchopho ekulimaleni.
I-Urolithin B, inhlanganisela etholakala kumajikijolo ahlukahlukene kanye namapomegranate, yaziwa ngezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona ekuthuthukiseni impilo ye-metabolic kanye nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Izifundo zakamuva zibonise ukuthi i-urolithin B inezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ezingamahlalakhona futhi zithuthukise impilo iyonke.
1. Izakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala
Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kuyimbangela enkulu yezifo eziningi, okuhlanganisa nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela kanye nomdlavuza. I-Urolithin B inezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala ezisiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ingozi yesifo esingamahlalakhona. Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi i-urolithin B inciphise kakhulu ukuvuvukala emagundwini anesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo, okubonisa ukuthi ingaba nempumelelo ekwelapheni abantu abanezifo ezifanayo.
2. Izakhiwo ze-Antioxidant
I-Urolithin B iyi-antioxidant enamandla, okusho ukuthi ingasiza ekuvikeleni umzimba ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative, inqubo elimaza amangqamuzana futhi ikhuthaze inqubo yokuguga. I-Urolithin B isiza ekuvimbeleni umonakalo we-oxidative ngokuqeda ama-free radicals, angabangela umonakalo wamangqamuzana futhi aholele ezifweni ezingamahlalakhona. Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi i-urolithin B yehlisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kumagundane, isekela kakhulu amandla ayo njengesengezo sokulwa nokuguga.
3. Khuthaza impilo yemisipha
I-Urolithin B iboniswe ukuthi ikhuthaza i-mitochondrial autophagy, inqubo yamaseli esiza ekususeni i-mitochondria eyonakele emaseli. Le nqubo isiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo nokusebenza kwemisipha iyonke, okwenza kube isengezo esingaba khona kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngokomzimba. Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi i-urolithin B ithuthukise ukusebenza kwemisipha kanye namandla emagundwini nakubantu.
4. Isekela impilo yengqondo
I-Urolithin B iboniswe ukuthi isekela impilo yokuqonda ngokuthuthukisa i-neuroplasticity, inqubo esiza ubuchopho ukuthi buvumelane nolwazi olusha futhi ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqonda. Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi i-urolithin B ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqonda futhi ithuthukisa inkumbulo emagundwini.
5. Izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokuphila isikhathi eside
Izifundo zakamuva zibonise ukuthi i-urolithin B inamandla okukhuthaza impilo ende ngokuthuthukisa impilo ye-metabolic, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, nokuvikela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi i-urolithin B yandisa impilo ende ku-C. elegans, uhlobo lwe-nematode worm, isekela izinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona zokukhuthaza impilo ende.
1. Ipomegranate
Ipomegranate ingenye yemithombo engcono kakhulu ye-urolithin. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ijusi lepomegranate lingakhuphula amazinga egazi e-urolithin A no-B. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapomegranate anezinye izinzuzo zezempilo, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant.
2. Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo afana nama-strawberry, ama-raspberry nama-blackberry nawo ayimithombo emihle ye-urolithin. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukudla amajikijolo kungakhuphula amazinga egazi e-urolithin A kanye ne-B.
3. Amantongomane
Ama-walnuts nama-pecans kanye namanye amantongomane nawo angumthombo omuhle we-urolithin. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukudla amantongomane kuzokhulisa izinga le-urolithin A kanye ne-B egazini.
I-Urolithin A kanye ne-B ziyizinhlanganisela zemvelo ezitholakala ekudleni okuthile, zinezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, zithuthukisa impilo ye-mitochondrial kanye nemisipha, futhi zikhuthaza impilo yengqondo. Amapomegranate, amajikijolo, amantongomane kanye nezithasiselo ze-ellagitannin kungenye yemithombo yokudla engcono kakhulu enganikeza ama-urolithin. Ukufaka lokhu kudla ekudleni kwakho kungakusiza ukuthi uvule izinzuzo ze-urolithin A kanye ne-B futhi kukhuthaze ukuguga okunempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-05-2023
