Ukuguga kuyinqubo yemvelo engenakugwenywa yezinto eziphilayo, ebonakala ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwesakhiwo somzimba kanye nokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi isengozini enkulu yamathonya amancane avela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle njengendawo ezungezile. Ukuze baqonde ngokunembile ijubane lokuguga, ososayensi baye bashiya indlela yendabuko yokulinganisa iminyaka noma izinsuku futhi esikhundleni salokho bagxila kubukhulu besikhathi obubucayi, bezama ukufeza ukuqonda okucashile ngenqubo yokuguga.
Kulolu cwaningo, ososayensi bathuthukise uchungechunge lwezimpawu zokuguga ngobuhlakani, phakathi kwazo amaphethini e-DNA methylation aheha kakhulu amehlo. Njengendlela ebalulekile yokulawula i-epigenetic, amaphethini e-DNA methylation angadweba ngokunembile iphrofayili yomuntu yokuguga yamanje, hhayi nje kuphela embula izinguquko ezishintshashintshayo zolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo enkambisweni yokuguga, kodwa futhi abe yinto ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi lokuguga. Ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwalezi zimpawu zokuguga, ososayensi bangathola umbono wezindlela zama-molecule ngemuva kokuguga, bavule izindlela ezintsha zokulibazisa ukuguga nokukhuthaza ukuguga okunempilo.
Esibhakabhakeni esikhulu sezinkanyezi zesayensi yokulwa nokuguga, i-NMN (i-nicotinamide mononucleotide) yake yabonakala njenge-meteor ekhazimulayo. Ukuthi ingubani njengesandulela se-NAD+ (i-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) kwaphefumulela ososayensi abaningi intshiseko yocwaningo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, enye inkanyezi ekhanyayo, i-AKG (alpha-ketoglutarate), yavela kancane kancane futhi yathola ukuqashelwa kabanzi emkhakheni wokulwa nokuguga ngethonya layo eliyingqayizivele kanye nesisekelo sesayensi.
Esifundweni esanyatheliswa kuyi-Nature Metabolism, ososayensi bachaze kabanzi ngendlela i-AKG esebenza ngayo ekugayweni kwamandla, ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial kanye nokulwa nokuguga. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi i-AKG ingakhuthaza ngqo umjikelezo we-tricarboxylic acid futhi inyuse umkhiqizo wamandla emaseli, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise amandla aphelele amaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-“Cell Metabolism” iphinde yashicilela imiphumela yocwaningo ngekhono le-AKG lokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-collagen nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesikhumba, okuqinisekisa ngokwengeziwe amandla ayo emkhakheni wokulwa nokuguga.
Ukuguqula imikhondo yesikhathi
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha oluvela eJapan lusinikeza isibonelo esicacile. Owesifazane oneminyaka ephakathi obelokhu eqaphela ukulwa nokuguga isikhathi eside, ngemuva kokuthatha izithasiselo ze-AKG izinyanga eziyisithupha, hhayi nje kuphela isimo sesikhumba sakhe esathuthuka kakhulu, saba siqinile futhi sinwebeka, kodwa nokuqina komzimba wakhe kanye nesimo sakhe sengqondo nakho kwathuthuka kakhulu. Ngokuqhathanisa izinkomba zomzimba ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi umsebenzi wowesifazane we-mitochondrial wawuthuthukisiwe kakhulu, okuhlobene eduze nendima ye-AKG ekukhuthazeni i-metabolism yamandla.
Umnakekeli wempilo yezinzwa
Olunye ucwaningo oluvela e-United States lugxile endimeni yokuvikela imizwa ye-AKG. Ngemva kokuthola ukwelashwa kwe-AKG, indoda esikhulile enokukhubazeka okuncane kokuqonda ibonise ukuthuthuka okukhulu emakhonweni ayo okuqonda, okuhlanganisa inkumbulo ethuthukisiwe kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo. Abacwaningi baqaphele ngobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe zobuchopho ukuthi umsebenzi we-neuron mitochondrial wesiguli ubuyiselwe, okunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwe-AKG ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni izifo eziwohlokayo zemizwa.
Izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele ze-AKG
1. Umphumela wokulwa nokuguga onezinhlangothi eziningi
Ngokungafani ne-NMN, elwa kakhulu nokuguga ngokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+, i-AKG idlala indima ebanzi kakhulu ekulweni nokuguga. Ayikwazi nje ukukhuthaza imetabolism yamandla nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, kodwa futhi ithuthukise isimo sokuguga komzimba ngezindlela eziningi ngokuthinta imetabolism yama-amino acid nokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-collagen.
2. Ukuhambisana okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuphepha
Njenge-metabolite eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni womuntu, i-AKG iyakwazi ukuhambisana kahle futhi iphephile. Ingamuncwa ngqo futhi isetshenziswe umzimba womuntu ngaphandle kokudlula enkambisweni yokuguqula eyinkimbinkimbi, okunciphisa ingozi yokusabela okubi okungenzeka. Lokhu kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwe-AKG emkhakheni wokulwa nokuguga kuphephe futhi kuthembeke kakhudlwana.
3. Uhla olubanzi lwezinzuzo zezempilo
Ngaphezu kokulwa nokuguga, i-AKG iphinde ibonise izinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ekukhuthazeni impilo yezinzwa kanye nokuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba. Lezi zinzuzo ezengeziwe zezempilo zenza i-AKG ikhange nakakhulu ezisetshenziswayo zokulwa nokuguga.
Ngokuqhubeka kokujula kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-AKG emkhakheni wokulwa nokuguga azoba maningi. Sibheke phambili ocwaningweni olusezingeni eliphezulu esikhathini esizayo ukuze siveze izimfihlakalo ezengeziwe ze-AKG, futhi sibheke phambili ekhonweni layo lokuhlanganiswa namanye amasu okulwa nokuguga njenge-NMN ukuze sihlanganyele ngokuhlakanipha namandla engeziwe empilweni yabantu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kulo mncintiswano wokulwa nesikhathi, i-AKG ngokungangabazeki ibonise ukuncintisana okunamandla kanye namathuba angenamkhawulo.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko yile:
Ilwa nokuguga: Ingayibambezela kakhulu inqubo yokuguga kwamaseli ngokulawula indlela yokubonisana ye-mTOR, ikhuthaze i-autophagy, ithuthukise ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolism yamaprotheni, futhi ilawule i-epigenetics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingakhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-collagen, isekele ukukhishwa kwe-cell, isize ekubuyiseleni amazinga ajwayelekile okuhlushwa kwe-calcium egazini, isheshise ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, ikhuthaze ukulungiswa kwezicubu zemisipha, njll.
Thuthukisa izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kukhombisile ukuthi kunomphumela obalulekile wokuthuthuka ezifweni ezahlukahlukene ezingamahlalakhona, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje nge-osteoporosis, izifo eziwohlokayo zemizwa (njengesifo sikaParkinson), izifo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, kanye nomdlavuza. Ixazulula ngokuyisisekelo izimbangela zezifo ezingamahlalakhona ngokusebenzisa amaprotheni okuphila isikhathi eside emzimbeni kanye nokulungisa i-DNA eyonakele.
Thuthukisa amasosha omzimba: Kungathuthukisa umsebenzi kanye nenani lamaseli omzimba, kuthuthukise amasosha omzimba wonke, ngaleyo ndlela kusize umzimba ukuthi umelane kangcono nezifo kanye nokutheleleka.
Khuthaza impilo: Lo mkhiqizo unezinzuzo ezifana nokukhuthaza ukugaywa kukashukela namafutha egazini emzimbeni kanye nokusekela ukusebenza kwengqondo okunempilo kobuchopho, okusiza ekugcineni impilo yomzimba womuntu iyonke.
Imiphumela yokulwa nokuguga isekelwa ucwaningo lwesayensi. Isibonelo, ngo-2014, iphephabhuku eliphambili elithi “Nature” labika okokuqala ukuthi ukuguga kungabambezeleka ngokuvimbela umsebenzi we-mTOR; ucwaningo ngamaseli e-osteosarcoma omuntu luye lwafakazela nokuthi lungakhuthaza i-autophagy; ngaphezu kwalokho, lungabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwama-amino acid futhi lunciphise i-metabolism yamaprotheni. Kwenzeka ukungahambi kahle futhi kuhilelekile ezinqubweni zokulawula i-epigenetic ezifana ne-DNA demethylation.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ziqinisekisile ukuphepha nokusebenza kwayo. Isibonelo, umbiko wesilingo somtholampilo sabantu weSigaba I okhishwe yiNewMed Hospital eCalifornia ukhombisa ukuthi inomphumela omkhulu wokwelapha ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu zezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nokungalali, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, i-stroke sequelae, futhi ingalapha nokuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala, nezinye izimpawu ezibangelwa yi-coronavirus entsha. Iphinde ibe nomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokulungisa isimo se-sequelae njengokukhwehlela.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okumangalisayo nokuphepha kwayo, ithole ukunakwa nokunconywa kabanzi emakethe. Abasebenzisi abaningi babike ukuthuthuka okukhulu esimweni sabo somzimba ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa, njengokuqina okwengeziwe, isikhumba esiqinile nesinwebekayo, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo mkhiqizo uphinde waqashelwa futhi wasekelwa izikhungo eziningi nochwepheshe abagunyaziwe.
Ngamafuphi, i-Calcium Alpha ketoglutarate ingumkhiqizo wesayensi, ophephile futhi osebenzayo wokulwa nokuguga. Ifinyelela imiphumela yokulwa nokuguga futhi ithuthukise izimpawu zezifo ezahlukahlukene ezingamahlalakhona ngezindlela eziningi. Kuyisinqumo esifanele kubantu abaphishekela impilo nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-08-2024
