Ucwaningo olusha, olusazoshicilelwa lusikhanyisela ngomthelela ongaba khona wokudla okugaywe kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu isikhathi eside. Lolu cwaningo, olulandelele abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30, luveze okunye okutholakele okukhathazayo. U-Erica Loftfield, ongumbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo nomcwaningi weNational Cancer Institute, uthe ukudla inqwaba yokudla okugayiwe kunganciphisa impilo yomuntu ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-10. Ngemva kokulungisela izici ezihlukahlukene, ingozi ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-15% kwabesilisa no-14% kwabesifazane.
Ucwaningo luphinde lucubungule izinhlobo ezithile zokudla okugayiwe kakhulu okuvame ukudliwa. Ngokumangalisayo, iziphuzo zitholakale zinendima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukusetshenziswa kokudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed. Eqinisweni, amaphesenti angu-90 aphezulu abathengi bokudla okugaywe kakhulu bathi iziphuzo ezigaywe kakhulu (okuhlanganisa ukudla neziphuzo ezibandayo ezinoshukela) ziphezulu ohlwini lwabo lokudla. Lokhu kugqamisa indima ebalulekile edlalwa iziphuzo ekudleni kanye negalelo lazo ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okugayiwe kakhulu.
Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi okusanhlamvu okucolisisiwe, okufana nezinkwa ezigaywe nge-ultra-processed nezimpahla ezibhakiwe, kwakuyisigaba sesibili sokudla esithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukusabalala kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ekudleni kwethu kanye nomthelela ongaba khona empilweni yethu nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Imithelela yalolu cwaningo ibalulekile futhi idinga ukuhlolisiswa kwemikhuba yethu yokudla. Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, okuphawulwa ngamazinga aphezulu ezithasiselo, izinto ezilondolozayo, nezinye izithako zokwenziwa, sekuyisikhathi eside kuyindaba ekhathazayo emkhakheni wezokudla okunempilo nempilo yomphakathi. Lokhu okutholakele kwengeza ebufakazini bokuthi ukudla okunjalo kungase kube nemiphumela emibi empilweni yethu nasekuphileni kwethu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi igama elithi “ukudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed” lihlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi, okuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela iziphuzo ezinoshukela nezinekhalori ephansi, kodwa futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okulula okupakishiwe, ukudla okulula nokudla osekulungele ukudliwa. Le mikhiqizo ngokuvamile iqukethe amazinga aphezulu kashukela owengeziwe, amafutha angenampilo kanye ne-sodium kuyilapho ingenazo izakhi ezibalulekile kanye ne-fiber. Ukusebenziseka kwazo nokunethezeka kwazo kuzenze zaba yisinqumo esithandwayo kubantu abaningi, kodwa imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokuwadla iyavela manje.
UCarlos Monteiro, uprofesa osafufusa wezokudla okunempilo kanye nempilo yomphakathi eNyuvesi yaseSão Paulo eBrazil, uthe ku-imeyili: "Lolu ngolunye ucwaningo olukhulu, lwesikhathi eside lweqembu oluqinisekisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-UPF (ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu) nokudla. zonke-isizathu Ukuhlangana phakathi kokufa, ikakhulukazi isifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2."
UMonteiro waqamba igama elithi “ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu” futhi wadala uhlelo lokuhlukanisa ukudla lwe-NOVA, olungagxili kuphela kokuqukethwe okunomsoco kodwa nendlela ukudla okwenziwa ngayo. U-Monteiro akazange ahileleke ocwaningweni, kodwa amalungu amaningana ohlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwe-NOVA angababhali abahlanganyeli.
Izithasiselo zihlanganisa izivimbelakuvunda ukulwa nesikhunta namagciwane, ama-emulsifiers ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwezithako ezingahambelani, imibala yokwenziwa nodayi, ama-antifoaming agents, ama-bulking agents, ama-bleaching agents, ama-gelling agents kanye nama-ejenti wokupholisha, kanye nalawo anezelwa ukwenza ukudla kukhanuke noma kushintshe ushukela, usawoti. , kanye namafutha.
Izingozi zempilo ezivela enyameni egayiwe kanye neziphuzo ezibandayo
Ucwaningo lokuqala, olwethulwa ngeSonto emhlanganweni wonyaka we-American Academy of Nutrition eChicago, luhlaziye cishe abantu baseMelika abangu-541,000 abaneminyaka engu-50 kuya ku-71 ababambe iqhaza ku-National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study ngo-1995. idatha yokudla.
Abacwaningi baxhumanisa idatha yezokudla nokufa kwabantu eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 ezayo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abadla ukudla okugayiwe kakhulu kunamathuba amaningi okuthi babulawe yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela kunalabo abangamaphesenti ayishumi aphansi abathenga ukudla okugaywe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izifundo, abacwaningi abatholanga ukwanda kokushona okuhlobene nomdlavuza.
Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu okudliwa izingane namuhla kungase kube nemiphumela ehlala njalo.
Ochwepheshe bathola izimpawu zengozi ye-cardiometabolic ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-3. Nakhu ukudla abahlobanisa nakho
Okunye ukudla okugaywe kakhulu kuyingozi kakhulu kunezinye, uLoftfield uthe: “Inyama egayiwe kakhulu neziphuzo ezibandayo ziphakathi kokudla okugaywe kakhulu okuhlobene kakhulu nengozi yokufa.”
Iziphuzo ezinamakhalori aphansi zibhekwa njengokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ziqukethe izinto ezinoshukela okwenziwa njenge-aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium, ne-stevia, kanye nezinye izithasiselo ezingatholakali ekudleni okuphelele. Iziphuzo ezinamakhalori aphansi zihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nokwanda kwezigameko zokuwohloka komqondo, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sohlangothi kanye nesifo se-metabolic, okungaholela ekubeni nesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.
Iziqondiso Zokudla Zabantu baseMelika sezivele zincoma ukuthi kuncishiswe ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela, okuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingapheli. Ucwaningo lwangoMashi 2019 lwathola ukuthi abesifazane abaphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela ezingaphezu kwezimbili (ezichazwa njengenkomishi evamile, ibhodlela noma ikani) ngosuku babenengozi engama-63% yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abaphuza ngaphansi kwesisodwa ngenyanga. %. Abesilisa abenze into efanayo babe nengozi ekhuphuke ngo-29%.
Hlanganisa ukudla okulula okunosawoti. Isigcawu setafula eliyisicaba kungemuva lokhuni olune-rustic.
Ucwaningo luthola ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu okuxhumene nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Inyama egayiwe njengobhekeni, ama-hot dogs, amasoseji, i-ham, inyama yenkomo, i-jerky, kanye ne-deli meat ayinconywa; ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi inyama ebomvu kanye nenyama egayiwe kuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamathumbu, umdlavuza wesisu, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, nesifo esingaphambi kwesikhathi kunoma iyiphi imbangela. ezihlobene nokufa.
URosie Green, uprofesa wezemvelo, ukudla kanye nempilo eLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, esitatimendeni uthe: “Lolu cwaningo olusha lunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi inyama egayiwe ingase ibe okunye kokudla okungenampilo, kodwa i-ham ayibhekwa njenge-nuggets yenkukhu. yi-UPF (ukudla okugaywe kakhulu).” Wayengahlanganyeli ocwaningweni.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abadla ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu babebancane, besinda, futhi benekhwalithi yokudla empofu kakhulu kunalabo abadla ukudla okungacutshungulwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi lo mehluko awukwazanga ukuchaza izingozi zezempilo ezandayo, njengoba ngisho nabantu abanesisindo esijwayelekile nokudla ukudla okungcono kakhulu kungenzeka bafe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokudla ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu.
Ongoti bathi ukusetshenziswa kokudla okugayiwe kungenzeka kuphindeke kabili selokhu kwenziwa ucwaningo. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
"Izifundo ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ukudla njenge-NOVA, ezigxile ekucutshungulweni esikhundleni sokuqukethwe okunomsoco, kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqapha," kusho uCarla Saunders, usihlalo weKomidi Lokulawulwa Kwekhalori lenhlangano yemboni, ku-imeyili.
"Ukuphakamisa ukuqedwa kwamathuluzi okudla afana neziphuzo ezinoshukela ezingenawo nekhalori ephansi, ezinezinzuzo ezifakazelwe ekwelapheni izifo ezihambisana nokukhuluphala kanye nesifo sikashukela, kuyingozi futhi akunasibopho," kusho uSaunders.
Imiphumela ingase ibukele phansi ingozi
Umkhawulo oyinhloko walolu cwaningo ukuthi ukwaziswa kokudla kwaqoqwa kanye kuphela, eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, uGreen wathi: “Kunzima ukusho ukuthi imikhuba yokudla ishintshe kanjani phakathi kwaleso sikhathi namanje.”
Kodwa-ke, imboni yokukhiqiza ukudla okusetshenzwe kakhulu iye yaqhuma kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-60 esilinganiso sansuku zonke sokudla kwama-caloric e-American avela ekudleni okugaywe kakhulu. Lokhu akumangazi ngoba cishe u-70% wokudla kunoma yisiphi isitolo segrosa kungase kucutshungulwe kakhulu.
“Uma kunenkinga kungenxa yokuthi singakubukela phansi ukudla kwethu okugayiwe kakhulu ngoba sisuke sesingadli kakhulu,” kusho uLovefield. "Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kungenzeka kunyuke ngokuhamba kweminyaka."
Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngoMeyi lwathola imiphumela efanayo, ebonisa ukuthi abasebenzi bezempilo abangaphezu kwe-100,000 abadla ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu babhekene nengozi enkulu yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokufa kwesifo senhliziyo. Lolu cwaningo, oluhlola ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu njalo eminyakeni emine, lwathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kuphindwe kabili kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980 kuya ku-2018.
Intombazane ithatha ama-chips amazambane athosiwe acwebile endishini noma epuletini iwabeke kungemuva elimhlophe noma etafuleni. Amashibhisi amazambane ayesezandleni zowesifazane wawadla. Ukudla okungenampilo kanye nomqondo wokuphila, ukuqoqwa kwesisindo esiningi.
izihloko ezihlobene
Kungenzeka ukuthi udle ukudla osekugaywe.Izizathu zimi kanje
"Ngokwesibonelo, ukudla okulula okufakwe usawoti okupakishwe nsuku zonke kanye nama-dessert asekelwe obisini afana no-ayisikhilimu kucishe kwaphindeka kabili kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990," kusho umbhali oholayo wocwaningo lwangoMeyi, i-Clinical Epidemiology e-Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. kusho uDkt. Song Mingyang, isekela likaprofesa wesayensi nokudla.
"Ekutadisheni kwethu, njengakulolu cwaningo olusha, ubuhlobo obuhle buqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ngamaqembu amancane amaningana, okuhlanganisa inyama egayiwe kanye neziphuzo ezinoshukela noma ezinoshukela owenziwe," kusho uSong. "Kodwa-ke, zonke izigaba zokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu zihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe."
U-Loftfield uthi ukukhetha ukudla okugaywe kancane kungenye yezindlela zokukhawulela ukudla okugaywe kakhulu ekudleni kwakho.
“Kufanele sigxile kakhulu ekudleni ukudla okunothe ngokudla okuphelele,” kusho yena. "Uma ukudla kucutshungulwe kakhulu, bheka i-sodium kanye noshukela owengeziwe bese uzama ukusebenzisa ilebula ye-Nutrition Facts ukuze wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu."
Ngakho-ke, yini esingayenza ukuze sinciphise umthelela ongaba khona wokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu esikhathini sethu sokuphila? Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukunaka kakhulu ukukhetha kwethu ukudla. Ngokunaka kakhulu izithako kanye nokuqukethwe okunomsoco kokudla neziphuzo esizisebenzisayo, singakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi yini esiyifaka emizimbeni yethu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukukhetha ukudla okuphelele, okungacutshungulwanga noma nini lapho kungenzeka kanye nokunciphisa ukutholwa kwemikhiqizo egayiwe kakhulu futhi epakishiwe.
Ukwengeza, ukuqwashisa ngezingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla okugaywe nge-ultra-processed kubalulekile. Imikhankaso yezemfundo neyezempilo yomphakathi ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekufundiseni abantu ngemithelela yezempilo engaba khona ngenxa yezinketho zokudla nokubasiza benze izinqumo ezinempilo. Ngokuthuthukisa ukuqonda okujulile kwesixhumanisi phakathi kokudla nokuphila isikhathi eside, singakhuthaza izinguquko ezinhle endleleni yokudla kanye nempilo yonke.
Ukwengeza, abenzi bezinqubomgomo nababambe iqhaza embonini yokudla baneqhaza okufanele balibambe ekubhekaneni nokusabalala kokudla okugayiwe kakhulu endaweni yokudla. Ukusebenzisa imithethonqubo kanye nezinhlelo ezithuthukisa ukutholakala nokufinyeleleka kwezinketho ezinempilo, ezicutshungulwe kancane kungasiza ukudala indawo esekela kakhudlwana yabantu abazama ukwenza ukukhetha okunempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-17-2024
