Ucwaningo olusha, olungakashicilelwa, luveza umthelela ongaba khona wokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu empilweni yethu yokuphila isikhathi eside. Lolu cwaningo, olulandele abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30, lwembule ezinye izinto ezikhathazayo. U-Erica Loftfield, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo kanye nomcwaningi e-National Cancer Institute, uthe ukudla ukudla okuningi okucutshungulwe kakhulu kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila komuntu ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwe-10. Ngemva kokuzivumelanisa nezici ezahlukahlukene, ingozi yakhuphuka yaya ku-15% kwabesilisa kanye no-14% kwabesifazane.
Lolu cwaningo luphinde luhlolisise izinhlobo ezithile zokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu okuvame ukudliwa. Okumangazayo ukuthi iziphuzo zitholakale zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukusetshenziswa kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ama-90% aphezulu abathengi bokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu bathi iziphuzo ezicutshungulwe kakhulu (kufaka phakathi ukudla kanye neziphuzo ezibandayo ezinoshukela) zihamba phambili ohlwini lwabo lokudla. Lokhu kugqamisa indima ebalulekile edlalwa yiziphuzo ekudleni kanye negalelo lazo ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi okusanhlamvu okucolisisiwe, njengezinkwa ezicutshungulwe kakhulu kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe, kwakuyisigaba sesibili sokudla esithandwa kakhulu esicutshungulwe kakhulu. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukusabalala kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ekudleni kwethu kanye nomthelela ongaba khona empilweni yethu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibalulekile futhi idinga ukuhlolwa okujulile kwemikhuba yethu yokudla. Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, okubonakala ngamazinga aphezulu ezithasiselo, izithako zokugcina ukudla, nezinye izithako zokwenziwa, sekuyisikhathi eside kuyindaba ekhathazayo emikhakheni yokudla okunempilo kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Lokhu okutholakele kunezela ebufakazini bokuthi ukudla ukudla okunjalo kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yethu kanye nempilo yethu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi igama elithi “ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu” lihlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi, okuhlanganisa hhayi nje iziphuzo ezibandayo ezinoshukela nezinama-calorie aphansi, kodwa futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okulula okupakishwe, ukudla okulula kanye nokudla okulungele ukudliwa. Le mikhiqizo ivame ukuqukethe amazinga aphezulu kashukela owengeziwe, amafutha angenampilo kanye ne-sodium kuyilapho intula izakhamzimba ezibalulekile kanye ne-fiber. Ukulula kwazo kanye nokunambitheka kwazo kuye kwazenza zaba ukukhetha okuthandwayo kubantu abaningi, kodwa imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokuzidla manje iyavela.
UCarlos Monteiro, uprofesa osethathe umhlalaphansi wezokudla okunempilo kanye nempilo yomphakathi eNyuvesi yaseSão Paulo eBrazil, uthe ku-imeyili: “Lolu olunye ucwaningo olukhulu, lwesikhathi eside oluqinisekisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokudla kwe-UPF (ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu) kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kokufa, ikakhulukazi isifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.”
UMonteiro waqamba igama elithi “ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu” futhi wadala uhlelo lokuhlukanisa ukudla lwe-NOVA, olungagxili nje kuphela kokuqukethwe kokudla okunomsoco kodwa futhi nendlela ukudla okwenziwa ngayo. UMonteiro akazange ahileleke kulolu cwaningo, kodwa amalungu amaningana ohlelo lokuhlukanisa lwe-NOVA angababhali ababambisene.
Izithasiselo zifaka phakathi izithako zokuvikela ukulwa nesikhunta namagciwane, izithako zokuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwezithako ezingahambisani, imibala yokwenziwa kanye nodayi, izinto zokuvimbela ukugqwala, izinto zokuhlanganisa, izinto zokuhlanza, izinto zokugcoba, izinto zokugcoba kanye nezinto zokuhlanza, kanye nalezo ezenezelwa ukwenza ukudla kube mnandi noma kushintshe ushukela, usawoti, namafutha.
Izingozi zempilo ezivela enyameni ecutshunguliwe kanye neziphuzo ezibandayo
Ucwaningo lokuqala, olwethulwe ngeSonto emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke we-American Academy of Nutrition eChicago, luhlaziye cishe abantu baseMelika abangu-541,000 abaneminyaka engu-50 kuya ku-71 abahlanganyele ku-National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study ngo-1995.
Abacwaningi baxhumanise idatha yokudla nokufa eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 ezayo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abadla ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu banamathuba amaningi okufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela kunalabo abangaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-10 abathengi bokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izifundo, abacwaningi abatholanga ukwanda kokufa okuhlobene nomdlavuza.
Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu okudliwa yizingane namuhla kungaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo.
Ochwepheshe bathola izimpawu zengozi ye-cardiometabolic ezinganeni ezineminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Nakhu ukudla abakuhlobanisa nakho
Okunye ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kuyingozi kakhulu kunokunye, kusho uLoftfield: “Inyama ecutshungulwe kakhulu neziphuzo ezibandayo ziphakathi kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu okuhlobene kakhulu nengozi yokufa.”
Iziphuzo ezinamakhalori aphansi zibhekwa njengokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ngoba ziqukethe izinto ezinambitheka njengokwenziwa njenge-aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium, ne-stevia, kanye nezinye izithako ezingatholakali ekudleni okuphelele. Iziphuzo ezinamakhalori aphansi zihlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yokufa kusenesikhathi ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo kanye nokwanda kwezehlakalo ze-dementia, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sohlangothi kanye nesifo se-metabolic syndrome, okungaholela esifweni senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.
Iziqondiso Zokudla KwabaseMelika sezivele zincoma ukunciphisa ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela, eziye zahlotshaniswa nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokukhula kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona. Ucwaningo lwangoMashi 2019 luthole ukuthi abesifazane abaphuza iziphuzo ezingaphezu kwezimbili ezinoshukela (ezichazwa njengendebe ejwayelekile, ibhodlela noma ithini) ngosuku babenengozi ekhulayo engu-63% yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abaphuza ngaphansi kwesisodwa ngenyanga. %. Amadoda ayenze into efanayo ayenengozi ekhulayo engu-29%.
Hlanganisa ukudla okulula okunosawoti. Indawo yetafula ebekwe ngendlela eyisicaba ngemuva kwezinkuni zasendulo.
Ucwaningo luthole ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu okuhlobene nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nokufa kusenesikhathi
Inyama ecutshunguliwe njengebhekoni, ama-hot dog, amasoseji, i-ham, inyama yenkomo egayiwe, i-jerky, kanye nenyama ye-deli ayinconywa; ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi inyama ebomvu kanye nenyama ecutshunguliwe kuhlobene nomdlavuza wamathumbu, umdlavuza wesisu, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, kanye nesifo sangaphambi kwesikhathi esibangelwa yinoma yisiphi isizathu.
URosie Green, uprofesa wezemvelo, ukudla kanye nempilo eLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, uthe esitatimendeni: “Lolu cwaningo olusha lunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi inyama ecutshunguliwe ingaba ngenye yokudla okungenampilo, kodwa i-ham ayibhekwa njenge-Noma ama-chicken nuggets ayi-UPF (ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu).” Wayengahilelekile ocwaningweni.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abadla ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu babesebancane, benomzimba osindayo, futhi babenezinga eliphansi lokudla kunalabo abadla ukudla okucutshungulwe kancane. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi lo mehluko awukwazi ukuchaza izingozi zempilo ezandayo, njengoba ngisho nabantu abanesisindo esijwayelekile nabadla ukudla okungcono kungenzeka bafe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokudla ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu.
Ochwepheshe bathi ukudla ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi sekuphindwe kabili selokhu kwenziwa ucwaningo. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
“Izifundo ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ukudla njenge-NOVA, ezigxile ezingeni lokucubungula kunokuqukethwe kokudla okunomsoco, kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela,” kusho uCarla Saunders, usihlalo weKomidi Lokulawula Amakhalori lenhlangano yemboni, ku-imeyili.
“Ukuphakamisa ukuqedwa kwezindlela zokudla ezifana neziphuzo ezinoshukela ezingenawo amakhalori aphansi, eziye zafakazela izinzuzo ekwelapheni izifo ezihambisana nokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela, kuyingozi futhi akunabo ubuqotho,” kusho uSaunders.
Imiphumela ingase inciphise ingozi
Umkhawulo oyinhloko walolu cwaningo ukuthi idatha yokudla yaqoqwa kanye kuphela, eminyakeni engama-30 eyedlule, kusho uGreen: “Kunzima ukusho ukuthi imikhuba yokudla ishintshe kanjani phakathi kwaleso sikhathi namanje.”
Kodwa-ke, imboni yokukhiqiza ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ikhule kakhulu kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-60% wokudla okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke komMelika kuvela ekudleni okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Lokhu akumangazi ngoba ukudla okungafika ku-70% kunoma yisiphi isitolo sokudla kungase kucutshungulwe kakhulu.
“Uma kunenkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi singakunaki ukudla kwethu okucutshungulwe kakhulu ngoba sigcina imithetho eqinile,” kusho uLovefield. “Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kungenzeka kwande kuphela eminyakeni edlule.”
Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngoMeyi luthole imiphumela efanayo, olubonisa ukuthi izisebenzi zezempilo ezingaphezu kuka-100,000 ezidle ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu zibhekene nengozi enkulu yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo. Ucwaningo, oluhlole ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu njalo eminyakeni emine, luthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwaphindeka kabili kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980 kuya ku-2018.
Intombazane ikhipha ama-chips amazambane athosiwe aqhotsiweyo esitsheni sengilazi noma epuletini bese iwabeka phezu kwesizinda esimhlophe noma etafuleni. Ama-chips amazambane ayesezandleni zowesifazane futhi wawadla. Ukudla okungekuhle kanye nomqondo wendlela yokuphila, ukuqongelela isisindo esiningi.
izihloko ezihlobene
Kungenzeka ukuthi udle ukudla okugayiwe kusengaphambili. Izizathu yilezi ezilandelayo
“Isibonelo, ukudla ukudla okulula okunosawoti okupakishwe nsuku zonke kanye nama-dessert asekelwe kubisi njenge-ayisikhilimu sekuphindwe kabili kusukela ngawo-1990,” kusho umlobi oholayo wocwaningo lukaMeyi, i-Clinical Epidemiology eHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health. kusho uDkt. Song Mingyang, uprofesa ohlangene wesayensi nokudla okunempilo.
“Esifundweni sethu, njengakulolu cwaningo olusha, ubudlelwano obuhle buqhutshwa kakhulu amaqembu amancane amaningana, okuhlanganisa inyama ecutshunguliwe kanye neziphuzo ezinoshukela noma ezinoshukela ezenziwe ngokwenziwa,” kusho uSong. “Kodwa-ke, zonke izigaba zokudla ezicutshunguliwe kakhulu zihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe.”
ULoftfield uthi ukukhetha ukudla okucutshungulwe kancane kuyindlela eyodwa yokunciphisa ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu ekudleni kwakho.
“Kufanele sigxile ekudleni ukudla okucebile ngokudla okuphelele,” kusho yena. “Uma ukudla kucutshungulwe kakhulu, bheka i-sodium kanye noshukela owengeziwe bese uzama ukusebenzisa ilebula le-Nutrition Facts ukuze wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu.”
Ngakho-ke, yini esingayenza ukuze sinciphise umthelela ongaba khona wokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu empilweni yethu? Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqaphela kakhulu ukukhetha kwethu kokudla. Ngokunaka kakhulu izithako kanye nokuqukethwe kokudla okunomsoco kokudla neziphuzo esizidlayo, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa ngalokho esikufaka emizimbeni yethu. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukukhetha ukudla okuphelele, okungacutshungulwanga noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona kanye nokunciphisa ukudla kwemikhiqizo ecutshungulwe kakhulu futhi epakishwe kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakamisa ulwazi ngezingozi ezihlobene nokudla ngokweqile ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu kubalulekile. Imfundo kanye nemikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekufundiseni abantu ngemiphumela engaba khona yezempilo yokukhetha ukudla nokubasiza benze izinqumo ezinempilo. Ngokukhuthaza ukuqonda okujulile ngokuxhumana phakathi kokudla nokuphila isikhathi eside, singakhuthaza izinguquko ezinhle emikhubeni yokudla kanye nempilo iyonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nababambiqhaza embonini yokudla banendima okufanele bayidlale ekubhekaneni nokwanda kokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu endaweni yokudla. Ukusebenzisa imithethonqubo kanye nezinhlelo ezikhuthaza ukutholakala kanye nokungabizi kwezinketho ezinempilo nezicutshungulwe kancane kungasiza ekudaleni indawo esekelayo kakhulu kubantu abalwela ukwenza izinqumo ezinempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-17-2024
