Cishe ingxenye yabantu abadala ababulawa umdlavuza ingavinjelwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila nokuphila okunempilo, ngokusho kocwaningo olusha lwe-American Cancer Society. Lolu cwaningo oluyisisekelo luveza umthelela obalulekile wezinto eziyingozi eziguquguqukayo ekukhuleni nasekuqhubekeni komdlavuza. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi cishe u-40% wabantu abadala base-US abaneminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu basengozini yomdlavuza, okwenza kube semqoka ukuqonda indima yokukhetha indlela yokuphila ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza nasekukhuthazeni impilo yonke.
UDkt. Arif Kamal, isikhulu esiphezulu sesiguli se-American Cancer Society, wagcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinguquko ezingokoqobo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yomdlavuza. Ucwaningo luhlonze izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile eziguquguqukayo zengozi, njengoba kuvela ukubhema njengembangela ehamba phambili yamacala omdlavuza nokufa. Eqinisweni, ukubhema kukodwa kubangela cishe icala elilodwa kwabahlanu lomdlavuza futhi cishe oyedwa kwabathathu ababulawa umdlavuza. Lokhu kugqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema nokusekelwa kwabantu abafisa ukuwuyeka lo mkhuba oyingozi.
Ngaphezu kokubhema, ezinye izici eziyingozi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, ukukhetha ukudla okungenamsoco, kanye nezifo ezifana ne-HPV. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukuxhumana kwezici zendlela yokuphila kanye nomthelela wazo engcupheni yomdlavuza. Ngokubhekana nalezi zici zengcuphe ezingalungiseka, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokunciphisa ukuba sengozini yomdlavuza futhi bathuthukise impilo yonke.
Ucwaningo, ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezici eziyi-18 eziguqukayo zengozi yezinhlobo ezingama-30 ezihlukene zomdlavuza, lwembula umthelela omangalisayo wokukhetha indlela yokuphila ezenzakalweni zomdlavuza nokufa. Ngo-2019 kuphela, lezi zici zaba nembangela yamacala amasha omdlavuza angaphezu kuka-700,000 nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-262,000. Le datha igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo semizamo yokusabalalisa imfundo kanye nokungenelela ukuze kunikezwe abantu amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yabo nokuphila kahle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umdlavuza uvela ngenxa yokulimala kwe-DNA noma izinguquko emithonjeni yezakhi emzimbeni. Nakuba izici zofuzo nezendawo ezungezile nazo zinendima, ucwaningo lugqamisa ukuthi izici zengozi ezingaguquguquka zibangela ingxenye enkulu yamacala omdlavuza nokufa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuchayeka elangeni kungabangela ukulimala kwe-DNA futhi kwandise amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, kuyilapho ama-hormone akhiqizwa amangqamuzana anamafutha anganikeza izakhi zezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Umdlavuza ukhula ngoba i-DNA ilimele noma inomthombo wezakhi, kusho uKamal. Ezinye izici, ezifana nezici zofuzo noma zemvelo, nazo zingaba nomthelela kulezi zimo zebhayoloji, kodwa ubungozi obushintshekayo buchaza ingxenye enkulu yezimo zomdlavuza nokufa kunezinye izici ezaziwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuchayeka elangeni kungalimaza i-DNA futhi kubangele umdlavuza wesikhumba, futhi amangqamuzana amafutha akhiqiza ama-hormone anganikeza izakhi zomsoco kwabanye omdlavuza.
“Ngemuva kokuba nomdlavuza, abantu bavame ukuzizwa bengakwazi ukuzilawula,” kusho uKamal. "Abantu bazocabanga ukuthi yibhadi noma izakhi zofuzo ezimbi, kodwa abantu badinga umuzwa wokulawula nokuzenzela."
Ucwaningo olusha lukhombisa ukuthi eminye imidlavuza kulula ukuyinqanda kuneminye. Kepha kumdlavuza we-19 kwangu-30 ohloliwe, ngaphezu kwesigamu samacala amasha adalwe yizici eziguqukayo zengozi.
Okungenani u-80% wezigameko ezintsha zomdlavuza eziyi-10 zingabangelwa izinto eziyingozi eziguqukayo, okuhlanganisa nangaphezu kuka-90% amacala e-melanoma axhunywe emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kanye cishe nazo zonke izimo zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho oxhunywe nesifo se-HPV, esingaVimbela ngemijovo.
Umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisifo esinenani elikhulu kakhulu lezigameko ezibangelwa izici eziyingozi eziguquguqukayo, ezinezigameko ezingaphezu kuka-104,000 kwabesilisa kanye nezingaphezu kuka-97,000 kwabesifazane, futhi iningi lihlobene nokubhema.
Ngemva kokubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yomdlavuza, okubalela cishe u-5% wezigameko ezintsha kwabesilisa futhi cishe u-11% wezigameko ezintsha kwabesifazane. Ucwaningo olusha luthola ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuxhumene nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu ngenxa yomdlavuza we-endometrial, gallbladder, esophageal, wesibindi kanye nezinso.
Olunye ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi abantu abadla imishanguzo edumile yokwehlisa isisindo kanye nesifo sikashukela njenge-Ozempic ne-Wegovy baba ncane kakhulu amathuba okuba nomdlavuza othile.
“Ngandlela thize, ukukhuluphala kuyingozi kubantu njengokubhema,” kusho uDkt. Marcus Plescia, isikhulu sezokwelapha se-Association of State and Local Health Officials, obengabandakanyeki ocwaningweni olusha kodwa oseke wasebenza ngokunqanda umdlavuza. izinhlelo.
Ukungenelela ochungechungeni "lwezici eziyinhloko zokuziphatha eziyingozi" - njengokuyeka ukubhema, ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca - "kungashintsha kakhulu izehlakalo zezifo ezingapheli kanye nemiphumela," kusho uPlessia. Umdlavuza ungesinye salezo zifo ezingelapheki, njengesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela.
Abenzi bezinqubomgomo nezikhulu zezempilo kufanele basebenzele “ukudala indawo elungele abantu futhi yenze impilo ibe ukukhetha okulula,” kusho yena. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahlala emiphakathini eyayincishwe amathuba phambilini, lapho kungase kungaphephile ukuzivocavoca futhi izitolo ezinokudla okunempilo zingafinyeleleki kalula.
Njengoba amazinga omdlavuza osanda kuqala enyuka e-US, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa imikhuba enempilo kusenesikhathi, kusho ochwepheshe. Uma usuqalile ukubhema noma wehlisa isisindo ositholayo, ukuyeka ukubhema kuba nzima kakhulu.
Kodwa “akukephuzi kakhulu ukwenza lezi zinguquko,” kusho uPlescia. “Ukushintsha (ukuziphatha kwezempilo) kamuva ekuphileni kungaba nemiphumela emikhulu.”
Ochwepheshe bathi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezinciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile zinganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza ngokushesha.
"Umdlavuza yisifo umzimba olwa ngaso nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli," kusho uKamal. “Kuyingozi obhekana nayo nsuku zonke, okusho ukuthi ukuyinciphisa nakho kungakuzuzisa zonke izinsuku.”
Imithelela yalolu cwaningo miningi kakhulu ngoba igqamisa amandla okuvikela ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Ngokubeka phambili ukuphila okunempilo, ukuphathwa kwesisindo, kanye nempilo iyonke, abantu banganciphisa ngokuqhubekayo ingozi yabo yomdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okunomsoco nokunomsoco, ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo nokugwema imikhuba eyingozi njengokubhema nokuphuzwa kotshwala ngokweqile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-15-2024
