Cishe ingxenye yokufa kwabantu abadala abanomdlavuza ingavinjelwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila nokuphila okunempilo, ngokusho kocwaningo olusha oluvela e-American Cancer Society. Lolu cwaningo oluqavile lwembula umthelela omkhulu wezinto eziyingozi ezingashintshwa ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqhubekeni komdlavuza. Okutholakele ocwaningweni kubonisa ukuthi cishe ama-40% abantu abadala base-US abaneminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu basengozini yokuthola umdlavuza, okwenza kube kubalulekile ukuqonda indima yezindlela zokuphila ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza nasekukhuthazeni impilo iyonke.
UDkt. Arif Kamal, isikhulu seziguli e-American Cancer Society, ugcizelele ukubaluleka kwezinguquko ezingokoqobo empilweni yansuku zonke ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yomdlavuza. Ucwaningo luthole izici eziningana ezibalulekile eziyingozi ezingashintshwa, lapho ukubhema kuvela njengembangela ehamba phambili yamacala omdlavuza nokufa. Eqinisweni, ukubhema kuphela kuyimbangela cishe eyodwa kwezinhlanu zamacala omdlavuza kanye cishe eyodwa kwezinthathu zokufa komdlavuza. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema kanye nokusekelwa kwabantu abafisa ukuyeka lo mkhuba oyingozi.
Ngaphezu kokubhema, ezinye izici ezinkulu eziyingozi zifaka phakathi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga ngokomzimba, ukukhetha ukudla okungalungile, kanye nezifo ezifana ne-HPV. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukuxhumana kwezici zendlela yokuphila kanye nomthelela wazo engcupheni yomdlavuza. Ngokubhekana nalezi zici eziyingozi ezingashintshwa, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuthambekela komdlavuza nokuthuthukisa impilo iyonke.
Lolu cwaningo, oluhlaziya ngokuphelele izici ezingu-18 eziyingozi ezingashintshwa zezinhlobo ezingu-30 ezahlukene zomdlavuza, lwembula umthelela omangalisayo wokukhetha indlela yokuphila ekwandeni komdlavuza kanye nokufa. Ngo-2019 kuphela, lezi zici zazibangela amacala amasha omdlavuza angaphezu kuka-700,000 kanye nokufa okungaphezu kuka-262,000. Le datha igcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo semfundo ebanzi kanye nemizamo yokungenelela yokunika amandla abantu ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yabo kanye nenhlalakahle yabo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umdlavuza uvela ngenxa yomonakalo we-DNA noma izinguquko emithonjeni yezakhamzimba emzimbeni. Nakuba izici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo nazo zidlala indima, ucwaningo luqokomisa ukuthi izici eziyingozi ezingashintshwa zibangela ingxenye enkulu yamacala omdlavuza nokufa. Isibonelo, ukuchayeka elangeni kungabangela umonakalo we-DNA futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba, kuyilapho ama-hormone akhiqizwa ama-fat cells enganikeza izakhamzimba zezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Umdlavuza ukhula ngoba i-DNA yonakele noma inomthombo wezakhamzimba, kusho uKamal. Ezinye izici, njengezici zofuzo noma zemvelo, nazo zingaba nomthelela kulezi zimo zebhayoloji, kodwa ingozi eguquguqukayo ichaza ingxenye enkulu yamacala omdlavuza nokufa kunezinye izici ezaziwayo. Isibonelo, ukuchayeka elangeni kungalimaza i-DNA futhi kubangele umdlavuza wesikhumba, kanti amaseli amafutha akhiqiza ama-hormone anganikeza izakhamzimba kweminye imidlavuza.
“Ngemva kokuba nomdlavuza, abantu bavame ukuzizwa sengathi abanakho ukuzilawula,” kusho uKamal. “Abantu bazocabanga ukuthi yinhlanhla noma izakhi zofuzo ezimbi, kodwa abantu badinga umuzwa wokulawula kanye nokukhetha.”
Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi eminye imidlavuza kulula ukuyivimbela kuneminye. Kodwa kwengu-19 kwengu-30 yomdlavuza ehlolwe, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamacala amasha abangelwa yizici eziyingozi ezingashintshwa.
Okungenani u-80% wamacala amasha omdlavuza ayi-10 angabangelwa yizici ezingashintshashintshayo, okuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-90% wamacala e-melanoma ahlobene nemisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye cishe nawo wonke amacala omdlavuza wesibeletho ahlobene nokutheleleka kwe-HPV, okungavimbela ngemigomo.
Umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisifo esinenani elikhulu lamacala abangelwa yizici eziyingozi ezingashintshwa, esinamacala angaphezu kuka-104,000 kwabesilisa kanye namacala angaphezu kuka-97,000 kwabesifazane, futhi iningi lawo lihlobene nokubhema.
Ngemva kokubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yomdlavuza, okubalwa cishe u-5% wamacala amasha kwabesilisa kanye no-11% wamacala amasha kwabesifazane. Ucwaningo olusha luthole ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuhlotshaniswa nokufa okungaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu ngenxa yomdlavuza we-endometrial, i-gallbladder, umphimbo, isibindi kanye nezinso.
Olunye ucwaningo lwamuva luthole ukuthi abantu abathatha imithi yokwehlisa isisindo kanye nesifo sikashukela efana ne-Ozempic kanye ne-Wegovy babenengozi ephansi kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza othile.
“Ngandlela thile, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyingozi kubantu njengokubhema,” kusho uDkt. Marcus Plescia, isikhulu sezokwelapha se-Association of State and Local Health Officers, owayengahilelekile ocwaningweni olusha kodwa oke wasebenza kulo ngezinhlelo zokuvimbela umdlavuza.
Ukungenelela ezicini eziningi “eziyingozi zokuziphatha” – njengokuyeka ukubhema, ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca – “kungashintsha kakhulu ukusabalala kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nemiphumela yazo,” kusho uPlessia. Umdlavuza ungenye yalezo zifo ezingamahlalakhona, njengesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela.
Abenzi benqubomgomo kanye nezikhulu zezempilo kufanele basebenzele “ukudala indawo elula kubantu futhi yenze impilo ibe ukukhetha okulula,” kusho yena. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahlala emiphakathini eyayincishwe amathuba ngaphambilini, lapho kungase kungaphephile khona ukuzivocavoca umzimba futhi izitolo ezinokudla okunempilo zingase zingatholakali kalula.
Njengoba amazinga omdlavuza oqalayo enyuka e-US, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa imikhuba enempilo kusenesikhathi, kusho ochwepheshe. Uma usuqalile ukubhema noma wehlisa isisindo ositholayo, ukuyeka ukubhema kuba nzima kakhulu.
Kodwa “akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukwenza lezi zinguquko,” kusho uPlescia. “Ukushintsha (izindlela zokuziphatha kwezempilo) kamuva empilweni kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.”
Ochwepheshe bathi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezinciphisa ukuchayeka ezicini ezithile zinganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza ngokushesha.
“Umdlavuza yisifo umzimba osilwa naso nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli,” kusho uKamal. “Kuyingozi obhekene nayo nsuku zonke, okusho ukuthi ukuyinciphisa kungakuzuzisa nsuku zonke.”
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibanzi kakhulu ngoba iqokomisa amathuba okuthatha isinyathelo sokuvimbela ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Ngokubeka phambili impilo enempilo, ukulawula isisindo, kanye nempilo iyonke, abantu banganciphisa ingozi yabo yomdlavuza ngendlela ephumelelayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokunomsoco, ukwenza umsebenzi womzimba ojwayelekile, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo kanye nokugwema imikhuba eyingozi njengokubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-15-2024
