Izithasiselo Eziphezulu Ezi-5 Ezilwa Nokuguga: Iyiphi Engcono Ekuthuthukiseni Impilo Ye-Mitochondrial?

I-Mitochondria ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "iziteshi zamandla" zeseli, igama eligcizelela indima yabo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla. Lawa ma-organelles amancane abalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zamaselula, futhi ukubaluleka kwawo kudlulela ngalé kokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Kunezithako eziningi ezitholakalayo ezingathuthukisa ngempumelelo impilo ye-mitochondrial. Ake sibheke!

Ukwakheka kwe-mitochondria

I-Mitochondria ihlukile phakathi kwama-organelles amaselula ngenxa yesakhiwo sama-membrane amabili. Ulwelwesi lwangaphandle lubushelelezi futhi lusebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwe-cytoplasm nendawo yangaphakathi ye-mitochondria. Nokho, i-intima igoqeke kakhulu, yakha imigoqo ebizwa ngokuthi ama-cristae. Lezi cristae zandisa indawo engaphezulu etholakalayo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, okubalulekile emsebenzini we-organelle.

Ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi kune-matrix ye-mitochondrial, into efana nejeli equkethe ama-enzyme, i-mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nama-ribosomes. Ngokungafani namanye ama-organelles amaningi, ama-mitochondria anezakhi zawo zofuzo, ezizuzwa kumugqa womama. Lesi sici esiyingqayizivele siholela ososayensi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi i-mitochondria yavela kubhaktheriya yasendulo ye-symbiotic.

Umsebenzi we-Mitochondrial

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-mitochondria ukukhiqiza i-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), imali eyinhloko yeseli. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-oxidative phosphorylation, ivela kulwelwesi lwangaphakathi futhi ihilela uchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lokusabela kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. I-electron transport chain (ETC) kanye ne-ATP synthase abadlali ababalulekile kule nqubo.

(1) Iketango lezokuthutha i-Electron (ETC): I-ETC iwuchungechunge lwama-protein complexes namanye ama-molecule afakwe kulwelwesi lwangaphakathi. Ama-electron adluliswa ngalezi zinkimbinkimbi, akhiphe amandla asetshenziselwa ukumpompa ama-proton (H+) asuka ku-matrix aye endaweni ye-intermembrane. Lokhu kudala i-electrochemical gradient, eyaziwa nangokuthi amandla e-proton motive.

(2) I-ATP synthase: I-ATP synthase iyi-enzyme esebenzisa amandla agcinwe ku-proton motitive force ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-ATP esuka ku-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) kanye ne-inorganic phosphate (Pi). Njengoba ama-proton egeleza ebuyela ku-matrix nge-ATP synthase, i-enzyme igqugquzela ukwakheka kwe-ATP.

2. Izindlela ze-metabolic

Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwe-ATP, i-mitochondria ihileleke ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene ze-metabolic, kuhlanganise nomjikelezo we-citric acid (umjikelezo we-Krebs) kanye ne-fatty acid oxidation. Lezi zindlela zikhiqiza ama-molecule aphakathi abalulekile kwezinye izinqubo zamangqamuzana, njengokuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid, ama-nucleotides, nama-lipids.

3. I-Apoptosis

I-Mitochondria nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekufeni kweseli okuhleliwe, noma i-apoptosis. Ngesikhathi se-apoptosis, i-mitochondria ikhulula i-cytochrome c nezinye izici ze-pro-apoptotic ku-cytoplasm, okubangela uchungechunge lwezenzakalo eziholela ekufeni kweseli. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekugcineni i-homeostasis yeselula nokuqeda amaseli awonakele noma agulayo.

4. Mitochondria nempilo

Njengoba kunikezwe indima eyinhloko ye-mitochondria ekukhiqizeni amandla kanye ne-metabolism yamaselula, akumangazi ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga eziningi zezempilo. Nazi ezinye zezindawo ezibalulekile lapho i-mitochondria ithinta impilo yethu:

5.Ukuguga

I-Mitochondria kucatshangwa ukuthi idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuguga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-DNA ye-mitochondrial iqongelela ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo futhi iketango lokuthutha i-electron liyancipha ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS), ezilimaza izingxenye zamangqamuzana futhi zibe nomthelela enqubweni yokuguga. Amasu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative ayahlolwa njengezinyathelo ezingase zibe khona zokulwa nokuguga.

6. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Mitochondrial kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ze-metabolic, okuhlanganisa ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, nesifo senhliziyo. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial kubangela ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukwanda kokugcinwa kwamafutha, nokumelana ne-insulin. Ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial ngokusebenzisa ukungenelela kwendlela yokuphila njengokuzivocavoca nokudla okunempilo kungasiza ekudambiseni lezi zimo.

I-NADH, i-resveratrol, i-astaxanthin, i-coenzyme Q10, i-urolithin A, ne-spermidine zonke izithasiselo ezithola ukunakwa okukhulu uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni impilo ye-mitochondrial kanye nokulwa nokuguga. Nokho, isithasiselo ngasinye sinezinqubo nezinzuzo ezihlukile.

1. NADH

Umsebenzi oyinhloko: I-NADH ingakwazi ukukhiqiza ngempumelelo i-NAD+ emzimbeni, futhi i-NAD+ iyi-molecule eyinhloko enqubweni ye-metabolism yezinto zamaselula kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-mitochondrial.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: Ngokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+, i-NADH ingenza kusebenze iphrotheni yesikhathi eside i-SIRT1, ilungise iwashi lebhayoloji, ivule ama-neurotransmitters, futhi ilawule indlela yokulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NADH ingalungisa i-DNA eyonakele, imelane ne-oxidation, futhi ithuthukise umzimba womuntu, ngaleyo ndlela izuze umphumela ophelele wokubambezela ukuguga.

Izinzuzo: I-NASA ibona futhi incoma i-NADH kosomkhathi ukuthi balawule amawashi abo ebhayoloji, ebonisa ukusebenza kwayo ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo.

2. I-Astaxanthin

Imisebenzi esemqoka: I-Astaxanthin iyi-carotenoid eyi-β-ionone ebomvu enomsebenzi we-antioxidant ophakeme kakhulu.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: I-Astaxanthin ingacisha umoya-mpilo we-singlet, ikhiphe ama-radicals mahhala, futhi igcine ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial ngokuvikela ibhalansi ye-redox ye-mitochondrial. Ukwengeza, kwandisa umsebenzi we-superoxide dismutase ne-glutathione peroxidase.

Izinzuzo: Amandla e-astaxanthin e-antioxidant aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-6,000 kuvithamini C futhi izikhathi ezingu-550 kune-vitamin E, okubonisa amandla ayo aqinile e-antioxidant.

3. I-Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

Umsebenzi oyinhloko: I-Coenzyme Q10 iyi-ejenti yokuguqula amandla e-cell mitochondria futhi iyisakhi sakudala esilwa nokuguga ngokuvamile esiqashelwa umphakathi wesayensi.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: I-Coenzyme Q10 inekhono elinamandla lokulwa ne-antioxidant, elingasusa ama-radicals mahhala futhi lisize ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant kavithamini C no-vitamin E afakwe i-oxidized. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inganikeza umoya-mpilo owanele namandla kumaseli emisipha yenhliziyo namangqamuzana obuchopho.

Izinzuzo: I-Coenzyme Q10 ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yenhliziyo futhi inomthelela obalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nokunciphisa izinga lokufa kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela ezigulini ezihluleka yinhliziyo.

4. I-Urolithin A (UA)

Indima eyinhloko: I-Urolithin A iyi-metabolite yesibili ekhiqizwa amagciwane amathumbu e-metabolizing polyphenols.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: I-Urolithin A ingenza kusebenze ama-sirtuin, ikhulise i-NAD+ namazinga wamandla eselula, futhi isuse i-mitochondria eyonakele emisipha yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye ibe nemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-anti-proliferative.

Izinzuzo: I-Urolithin A ingawela umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho futhi inamandla okuthuthukisa izifo ze-metabolic kanye nokulwa nokuguga.

5. I-Spermidine

Izinzuzo ezibalulekile: I-Spermidine iyi-molecule eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ekhiqizwa amagciwane amathumbu.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: I-Spermidine ingabangela i-mitophagy futhi isuse i-mitochondria engenampilo futhi eyonakele. Ukwengeza, inamandla okuvimbela isifo senhliziyo nokuguga kokuzala kwabesifazane.

Izinzuzo: I-Dietary spermidine itholakala ekudleni okuhlukahlukene, njenge-soy nokusanhlamvu, futhi itholakala kalula.

I-Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. ingumkhiqizi obhalisiwe we-FDA ohlinzeka ngezimpushana zesithasiselo sokulwa nokuguga ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezimsulwa.

KwaSuzhou Myland Pharm sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ngamanani angcono kakhulu. Izimpushana zethu ezilwa nokuguga zivivinywa ngokuqinile ukuhlanzeka namandla, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esifanele ukuthi uyafuna yini ukusekela impilo yamaselula, ukuqinisa amasosha akho omzimba noma ukuthuthukisa impilo yonke.

Njengoba inesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-30 futhi iqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye namasu e-R&D athuthukiswe kakhulu, i-Suzhou Myland Pharm isungule uhide lwemikhiqizo encintisanayo futhi yaba isithasiselo sesayensi yempilo emisha, ukuhlanganisa ngokwezifiso kanye nenkampani yezinkonzo zokukhiqiza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSuzhou Myland Pharm iphinde ibe ngumkhiqizi obhalisiwe we-FDA. Izinsiza ze-R&D zenkampani, izindawo zokukhiqiza, namathuluzi okuhlaziya kungokwesimanjemanje futhi kunemisebenzi eminingi, futhi ingakhiqiza amakhemikhali ukusuka kuma-milligrams kuye kumathani esikalini, futhi ithobelane namazinga e-ISO 9001 kanye nokucaciswa kokukhiqiza kwe-GMP.