I-Autophagy iyinqubo engokwemvelo engaphakathi kwamaseli ethu esebenza njengomqaphi ukuze avikele impilo yethu ngokudiliza izingxenye zamaselula ezindala, ezilimele futhi zigaywe kabusha zibe amandla. Le nqubo yokuzihlanza idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle, ukuvimbela izifo kanye nokwelula impilo. Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela ezimbalwa esingathuthukisa ngazo futhi sikhuthaze i-autophagy ukuze amaseli ethu akwazi ukusebenza kahle.
Igama elithi autophagy, lisuselwa emagameni esiGreki athi “auto” asho ukuthi “self” nelithi “phagy” okusho ukudla, libhekisela enqubweni eyisisekelo yamangqamuzana evumela amangqamuzana ukuba alulaze futhi asebenzise kabusha izakhi zawo. Kungabhekwa njengendlela yokuzihlanza edlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yeselula kanye ne-homeostasis.
Emizimbeni yethu, izigidi zamangqamuzana zihlale zenza i-autophagy ukuze zisuse amaprotheni awonakele noma angasoleki kahle, ama-organelle angasebenzi kanye nezinye izinsalela zamaselula. Le nqubo isiza ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinobuthi futhi inike amandla ukugaywa kabusha kwama-macromolecules, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli.
indlela yokwenza
I-Autophagyisebenza ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezilawulwa ngokuqinile. Inqubo iqala ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinama-membrane amabili ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-autophagosomes, agibela izingxenye eziqondiwe ngaphakathi kwamaseli. I-autophagosome ibe isihlangana ne-lysosome, i-organelle ekhethekile equkethe izinhlobonhlobo zama-enzyme, okuholela ekulimazeni okukuyo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-autophagy: i-macroautophagy, i-microautophagy, ne-chaperone-mediated autophagy. I-Macroautophagy ihilela ukuwohloka okukhulu kwezakhi zamangqamuzana, kuyilapho i-microautophagy ihilela ukufakwa okuqondile kwezinto ze-cytoplasmic ngama-lysosomes. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-autophagy ye-chaperone-mediated autophagy ihlose ngokukhethekile amaprotheni ukuwohloka.
Ukubeka isimo kanye nokusayina
I-Autophagy ilawulwa ngokuqinile yizindlela eziningi zokubonisa izimpawu ekuphenduleni izingcindezi ezihlukahlukene zamaselula, njengokuncisha izakhi, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, ukutheleleka kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni. Esinye sezilawuli eziyinhloko ze-autophagy iyithagethi yezilwane ezincelisayo ye-rapamycin (mTOR), i-protein kinase evimbela i-autophagy uma imisoco inala. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zokunciphisa izakhi, ukusayina kwe-mTOR kuvinjelwe, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwe-autophagy.
1. Ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile:
Ngokunciphisa iwindi lokuphakelayo, ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile kubeka umzimba esimweni sokuzila isikhathi eside, okwenza amangqamuzana asebenzise amandla agciniwe futhi aqalise i-autophagy.
2. Ukuzivocavoca:
Ukuzivivinya okuvamile akugcini nje ngokugcina imizimba yethu iphilile, kodwa futhi kusebenza njengesikhohlisi esinamandla se-autophagy. Ukubamba iqhaza ekuvivinyweni kwe-aerobic kanye nokumelana kudala i-autophagy, ikhuthaza ukuhlanzwa nokuvuselela ezingeni lamaselula.
3. Umkhawulo wekhalori:
Ngaphezu kokuzila ukudla okuphakathi, i-caloric restriction (CR) ingenye indlela efakazelwe yokuthuthukisa i-autophagy. Ngokunciphisa ukudla kwakho kwekhalori kukonke, i-CR iphoqa amaseli akho ukuthi onge amandla futhi aqalise i-autophagy ukuze agcine imisebenzi ebalulekile.
4. Ukudla kwe-Ketogenic:
Umsebenzi we-Autophagic uthuthukiswa ngokufaka i-ketosis ngokukhawulela kakhulu ukudla kwama-carbohydrate nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha.
5. Ukudla okucebile ngamakhemikhali e-phytochemicals:
Izinhlanganisela ezithile zezitshalo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezitholakala ezithelweni ezimibalabala, imifino nezinongo, zinezakhiwo ezidala i-autophagy.
6. Thatha izithasiselo ezithile:
I-Autophagy ingenziwa ngokungeza izithasiselo ze-autophagy ekudleni ukukhuthaza impilo.
1. Itiye elihlaza
Ecebile kuma-antioxidant compounds njengama-catechin, itiye elihlaza kudala laziwa ngezinzuzo zalo zezempilo. Ngokungeziwe emandleni alo okuthuthukisa imetabolism kanye nokusekela ukwehla kwesisindo, itiye elihlaza liye laboniswa ukuthi livule i-autophagy. Ama-polyphenols atholakala etiyeni eliluhlaza ashukumisa ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyeka ku-autophagy, esiza ukugcina ibhalansi yeselula nokusebenza.
2. I-Turmeric
I-Curcumin, isakhi esisebenzayo ku-turmeric ne-hue yayo ephuzi ecacile, inezindawo ezinamandla zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant. Ucwaningo olusafufusa lubonise ukuthi i-curcumin ingase futhi ibangele i-autophagy ngokuvula izindlela ezithile zamangqamuzana. Ukufaka i-turmeric ekudleni kwakho, noma ngabe ngokupheka noma njengesengezo, kungasiza ukusebenzisa amandla e-autophagy ukuze uthuthukise impilo.
3. Berberine
Ucwaningo oluhlola i-berberine luthole ukuthi lesi sithako singase sibe namandla okwenza i-autophagy. I-Berberine itholakala kumajikijolo, i-turmeric yesihlahla, nakwamanye amakhambi.
4. Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo afana nama-blueberries, ama-strawberry, nama-raspberries awamnandi nje kuphela, kodwa agcwele izinto ezikhuthaza impilo. Lezi zithelo ezinempilo zicebile kuma-polyphenols, izinhlanganisela ezaziwa ukuthuthukisa i-autophagy. Ngokudla amajikijolo ahlukahlukene amasha noma aqandisiwe, ungaqinisekisa ukutholakala okuzinzile kwalezi zinhlanganisela zezitshalo ezinenzuzo ezisekela inqubo eqinile nephumelelayo ye-autophagy.
5. Imifino ye-Cruciferous
Imifino ye-Cruciferous, ehlanganisa i-broccoli, i-cauliflower, i-kale kanye ne-Brussels amahlumela, iqukethe uxhaxha olumangalisayo lwezinhlanganisela ezikhuthaza impilo, njenge-sulforaphane ne-indole-3-carbinol. Lezi zinhlanganisela ziye zaboniswa ukuze zenze i-autophagy futhi ivimbele ukulimala kwamaselula okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative. Ukufakwa kokudla kwemifino ehlukahlukene ye-cruciferous akunikezeli nje kuphela izakhi ezibalulekile kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukufakwa kwe-autophagy.
1. I-Curcumin
I-Curcumin, isithako esisebenzayo ku-turmeric, sekuyisikhathi eside yaziswa ngezindawo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-curcumin ingabangela i-autophagy, ethuthukisa impilo yeselula. I-Curcumin ivuselela izakhi zofuzo ezithile kanye nezindlela zokubonisa ezihilelekile ekulawuleni i-autophagy. Amandla ayo okuthuthukisa i-autophagy angase azuze izifo ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwamaselula.
2. Berberine
I-Berberine iyinhlanganisela yemvelo etholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, okuhlanganisa i-barberry ne-goldenseal. Lesi sengezo se-botanical esinamandla sifundwe kabanzi ngemiphumela yaso yokwelapha ezimeni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. I-Berberine iphinde yatholakala ukuthi yenza i-autophagy ngokushintsha ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-autophagy. Ngokufaka i-berberine, ungathuthukisa i-autophagy futhi uthuthukise impilo yeselula, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa empilweni ye-metabolic.
3. I-Spermidine
I-Spermidine (i-spermidine) iyinto encane yamangqamuzana ephilayo ekhona ngokwemvelo kumaseli. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwe-spermidine kanye ne-autophagy. I-Spermidine ingenza kusebenze indlela ye-autophagy futhi ikhuthaze i-autophagy. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-spermidine ingakhuphula ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-autophagy futhi ikhuthaze i-autophagy ngokulawula amazinga amaprotheni ahlobene ne-autophagy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spermidine ingakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa i-autophagy ngokuvimbela indlela yokusayina ye-mTOR.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zokwaziswa kuphela futhi akufanele sithathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma ukushintsha uhlobo lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2023
