I-Autophagy inqubo yemvelo ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu esebenza njengomqaphi wokuvikela impilo yethu ngokuphula izingxenye zamaseli ezindala, ezonakele bese ziphinda zisetshenziswe zibe amandla. Le ndlela yokuzihlanza idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle, ukuvimbela izifo nokwandisa impilo. Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela eziningana esingathuthukisa futhi sivuselele i-autophagy ukuze amaseli ethu asebenze kahle.
Igama elithi autophagy, elisuselwa emagameni esiGreki elithi "auto" elisho "self" kanye nelithi "phagy" elisho ukudla, libhekisela enkambisweni eyisisekelo yamaseli evumela amaseli ukuthi awonakale futhi aphinde asebenzise izingxenye zawo. Lingabhekwa njengendlela yokuzihlanza edlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yamaseli kanye ne-homeostasis.
Emizimbeni yethu, izigidi zamaseli zihlala ziqhutshwa i-autophagy ukuze kususwe amaprotheni alimele noma asongiwe kabi, ama-organelle angasebenzi kahle kanye nezinye izinsalela zamaseli. Le nqubo isiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqongelela kwezinto ezinobuthi futhi ivumela ukuphinde kusetshenziswe ama-macromolecule, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli.
indlela yokwenza
I-Autophagyisebenza ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezilawulwa ngokuqinile. Inqubo iqala ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ze-double-membrane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-autophagosomes, ezimboza izingxenye eziqondiwe ngaphakathi kwamaseli. I-autophagosome ibe isihlangana ne-lysosome, i-organelle ekhethekile equkethe ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokuqukethwe kwayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-autophagy: i-macroautophagy, i-microautophagy, kanye ne-autophagy eqondiswa yi-chaperone. I-Macroautophagy ihilela ukuwohloka okukhulu kwezingxenye zamaseli, kuyilapho i-microautophagy ihilela ukuminyana ngqo kwezinto ze-cytoplasmic yi-lysosomes. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-autophagy eqondiswa yi-chaperone ihlose ngokukhethekile amaprotheni ukuze awohloke.
Ukulungisa kanye Nokubonisa
I-Autophagy ilawulwa ngokuqinile yizindlela eziningi zokubonisa izimpawu ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwamaseli ahlukahlukene, njengokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, ukutheleleka kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni. Esinye sezilawuli ezibalulekile ze-autophagy yinhloso yezilwane ezincelisayo ye-rapamycin (mTOR), i-protein kinase evimbela i-autophagy lapho izakhamzimba ziningi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zomkhawulo wezakhamzimba, ukubonisana kwe-mTOR kuyavinjelwa, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwe-autophagy.
1. Ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile:
Ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokudla, ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile kubeka umzimba esimweni sokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside, okwenza amangqamuzana asebenzise amandla agciniwe futhi aqalise i-autophagy.
2. Ukuzivocavoca:
Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo akugcini nje ngokugcina imizimba yethu iphilile, kodwa futhi kusebenza njengesisusa esinamandla se-autophagy. Ukuhlanganyela ekuzivocavoceni kwe-aerobic kanye nokumelana kudala i-autophagy, okukhuthaza ukuhlanzwa nokuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana.
3. Ukunqunyelwa kwamakhalori:
Ngaphezu kokuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile, ukunqunywa kwama-caloric (CR) kungenye indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuthuthukisa i-autophagy. Ngokunciphisa ukudla kwakho kwama-calories, i-CR iphoqa amangqamuzana akho ukuthi onge amandla futhi aqalise i-autophagy ukuze alondoloze imisebenzi ebalulekile.
4. Ukudla Okune-Ketogenic:
Umsebenzi we-autophagic uthuthukiswa ngokubangela i-ketosis ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukudla ama-carbohydrate nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha.
5. Ukudla okucebile ngamakhemikhali e-phyto:
Ezinye izinhlanganisela zezitshalo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezitholakala ezithelweni ezimibalabala, imifino kanye nezinongo, zinezakhiwo ezibangela i-autophagy.
6. Thatha izithasiselo ezithile:
I-Autophagy ingabangelwa ukwengeza izithasiselo ze-autophagy ekudleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo.
1. Itiye eliluhlaza
Icebile ngamakhemikhali e-antioxidant njenge-catechins, itiye eliluhlaza sekuyisikhathi eside laziwa ngezinzuzo zalo zezempilo. Ngaphezu kwamandla alo okuthuthukisa i-metabolism nokusekela ukwehla kwesisindo, itiye eliluhlaza liboniswe futhi ukuthi livuselela i-autophagy. Ama-polyphenols atholakala etiyeni eliluhlaza avuselela ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ku-autophagy, okusiza ukugcina ibhalansi yamangqamuzana kanye nokusebenza kwawo.
2. I-Turmeric
I-Curcumin, isakhi esisebenzayo ku-turmeric enombala wayo ophuzi okhanyayo, inezakhiwo ezinamandla zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant. Izifundo ezintsha zikhombisile ukuthi i-curcumin ingadala futhi i-autophagy ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zama-molecule. Ukufaka i-turmeric ekudleni kwakho, kungaba ngokupheka noma njengesengezo, kungasiza ekusebenziseni amandla e-autophagy ukuthuthukisa impilo.
3. I-Berberine
Ucwaningo oluhlola i-berberine luthole ukuthi le nhlanganisela ingaba nekhono lokudala i-autophagy. I-Berberine itholakala kumajikijolo, i-turmeric yesihlahla, kanye nezinye izimila.
4. Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo afana nama-blueberry, ama-strawberry, nama-raspberry awamnandi nje kuphela, kodwa agcwele izakhiwo ezikhuthaza impilo. Lezi zithelo eziqhakazile zicebile ngama-polyphenols, amakhemikhali aziwa ngokuthuthukisa i-autophagy. Ngokudla izinhlobo ezahlukene zamajikijolo amasha noma aqandisiwe, ungaqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwala makhemikhali ezitshalo awusizo asekela inqubo ye-autophagy eqinile nephumelelayo.
5. Imifino eqoshiwe
Imifino ye-Cruciferous, okuhlanganisa i-broccoli, i-cauliflower, i-kale kanye ne-Brussels sprouts, iqukethe uhla oluhlaba umxhwele lwamakhemikhali akhuthaza impilo, njenge-sulforaphane kanye ne-indole-3-carbinol. Lawa makhemikhali aboniswe ukuthi avuselela i-autophagy futhi avimbele ukulimala kwamangqamuzana okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative. Ukufakwa kokudla kwemifino ehlukahlukene ye-cruciferous akugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezakhamzimba ezibalulekile kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuqaliswa kwe-autophagy.
1. I-Curcumin
I-Curcumin, isithako esisebenzayo ku-turmeric, sekuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengeyigugu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant. Izifundo zakamuva zibonise nokuthi i-curcumin ingadala i-autophagy, okuthuthukisa impilo yamaseli. I-Curcumin isebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ezithile kanye nezindlela zokubonisa ezihilelekile ekulawulweni kwe-autophagy. Amandla ayo okuthuthukisa i-autophagy angasiza izifo ezahlukahlukene ezihambisana nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli.
2. I-Berberine
I-Berberine iyinhlanganisela yemvelo etholakala ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-barberry kanye ne-goldenseal. Lesi sithako esinamandla sezitshalo siye sacwaningwa kabanzi ngemiphumela yaso yokwelapha ezimweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. I-Berberine itholakale futhi ukuthi ibangela i-autophagy ngokushintsha ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-autophagy. Ngokunezela nge-berberine, ungathuthukisa i-autophagy futhi uthuthukise impilo yamaseli, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngempilo ye-metabolic.
3. I-Spermidine
I-Spermidine (i-spermidine) iyisithako esincane se-molecule esitholakala ngokwemvelo emaseli. Izifundo zithole ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwe-spermidine ne-autophagy. I-Spermidine ingavuselela indlela ye-autophagy futhi ikhuthaze i-autophagy. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi i-spermidine ingakhulisa ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-autophagy futhi ikhuthaze i-autophagy ngokulawula amazinga amaprotheni ahlobene ne-autophagy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spermidine ingavuselela i-autophagy ngokuvimbela indlela yokubonisana ye-mTOR.
Isixwayiso: Lesi sihloko senzelwe ulwazi kuphela futhi akufanele sibhekwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma ukushintsha uhlelo lwakho lwezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-01-2023
