I-NAD+ ibizwa nangokuthi i-coenzyme, futhi igama layo eliphelele yi-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Kuyi-coenzyme ebalulekile emjikelezweni we-tricarboxylic acid. Ikhuthaza umzimba kashukela, amafutha, nama-amino acid, ibamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni amandla, futhi ibambe iqhaza ezinkulungwaneni zokusabela kuwo wonke amangqamuzana. Inani elikhulu lemininingwane yokuhlola likhombisa ukuthi i-NAD+ ibandakanyeka kakhulu emisebenzini ehlukahlukene eyisisekelo yomzimba ephilayo, ngaleyo ndlela ingenelela emisebenzini ebalulekile yamaselula efana ne-energy metabolism, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, ukuguqulwa kofuzo, ukuvuvukala, isigqi sebhayoloji, nokumelana nengcindezi.
Ngokocwaningo olufanele, izinga le-NAD+ emzimbeni womuntu lizokwehla ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ukuncipha kwamazinga e-NAD+ kungaholela ekwehleni kwezinzwa, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ukukhuluphala, ukwehla kokusebenza kwenhliziyo nokunye ukwehla kokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokukhulisa izinga le-NAD+ emzimbeni womuntu bekulokhu kungumbuzo. Isihloko socwaningo esishisayo emphakathini we-biomedical.
Ngoba, njengoba sikhula, I-DNA ukwanda komonakalo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa i-DNA, isidingo se-PARP1 siyakhuphuka, umsebenzi we-SIRT unomkhawulo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-NAD+ kuyanda, futhi inani le-NAD+ liyehla ngokwemvelo.
Umzimba wethu wakhiwe cishe ngamaseli angama-37 trillion. Amaseli kumele aqedele "umsebenzi" omningi noma ukusabela kwamaselula - ukuze azinakekele. Iseli lakho ngalinye lamatriliyoni angu-37 lithembele ku-NAD+ ukwenza umsebenzi wayo oqhubekayo.
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liguga, izifo ezihlobene nokuguga njengesifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zamalunga, ukulala nenhliziyo seziphenduke izifo ezibalulekile ezisongela impilo yabantu.
NAD+ amazinga ehla ngokuya ngeminyaka, ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zamasampula esikhumba somuntu:
Imiphumela yokulinganisa ikhombisa ukuthi njengoba iminyaka ikhula, i-NAD+ emzimbeni womuntu izokwehla kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke yini ebangela ukwehla kwe-NAD+?
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuncipha kwe-NAD+ yilezi: ukuguga kanye nesidingo esikhulayo se-NAD+, okuholela ekwehleni kwamazinga e-NAD+ ezicutshini eziningi, okuhlanganisa isibindi, imisipha yamathambo, nobuchopho. Njengomphumela wokunciphisa, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala kucatshangwa ukuthi kunomthelela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezihlobene nobudala, okudala umjikelezo ononya.
1. I-NAD+ isebenza njenge-coenzyme ku-mitochondria ukukhuthaza ibhalansi ye-metabolic, i-NAD+ idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ze-metabolic ezifana ne-glycolysis, umjikelezo we-TCA (umjikelezo we-aka Krebs noma umjikelezo we-citric acid) kanye neketango lokuthutha i-electron, indlela amangqamuzana athola ngayo amandla. Ukuguga nokudla okunekhalori ephezulu kunciphisa amazinga e-NAD+ emzimbeni.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi kumagundane amadala, ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-NAD+ kunciphisa ukudla- noma ukuzuza kwesisindo okuhlobene neminyaka kanye nomthamo wokuzivocavoca othuthukisiwe. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo seluze lwayibuyisela emuva imiphumela yesifo sikashukela kumagundane abesifazane, lubonisa amasu amasha okulwa nezifo ze-metabolic ezifana nokukhuluphala.
I-NAD+ ibophezela kuma-enzyme futhi idlulisela ama-electron phakathi kwama-molecule. Ama-electron ayisisekelo samandla eselula. I-NAD+ isebenza kumaseli njengokushaja kabusha ibhethri. Uma ama-electron ephela, ibhethri liyafa. Kumaseli, i-NAD+ ingakhuthaza ukudluliswa kwama-electron futhi inikeze amandla kumaseli. Ngale ndlela, i-NAD+ inganciphisa noma yandise umsebenzi we-enzyme, ikhuthaze ukubonakaliswa kofuzo nokusayina kweseli.
I-NAD+ isiza ukulawula ukulimala kwe-DNA
Njengoba izinto eziphilayo zikhula, izici zemvelo ezimbi njengemisebe, ukungcola, nokuphindaphindeka kwe-DNA enganembile kungalimaza i-DNA. Lena enye yemibono yokuguga. Cishe wonke amangqamuzana aqukethe "imishini yamangqamuzana" yokulungisa lo monakalo.
Lokhu kulungiswa kudinga i-NAD+ namandla, ngakho-ke ukulimala kwe-DNA ngokweqile kudla izinsiza ezibalulekile zamaselula. Umsebenzi we-PARP, iphrotheni ebalulekile yokulungisa i-DNA, nayo incike ku-NAD+. Ukuguga okuvamile kubangela ukulimala kwe-DNA emzimbeni, i-RARP iyanda, ngakho-ke ukugxila kwe-NAD+ kuyehla. Ukulimala kwe-Mitochondrial DNA kunoma yisiphi isinyathelo kuzokwandisa lokhu kuncipha.
2. I-NAD+ ithinta umsebenzi wezakhi zofuzo zesikhathi eside ze-Sirtuins futhi ivimbela ukuguga.
Izakhi zofuzo ezisanda kutholwa eziphila isikhathi eside ama-sirtuin, ezaziwa nangokuthi "abaqaphi bezakhi zofuzo," zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yamangqamuzana. Ama-Sirtuin awumndeni wama-enzyme abandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kokucindezeleka kwamaselula nokulungisa umonakalo. Baphinde babambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin, inqubo yokuguga, kanye nezimo zezempilo ezihlobene nokuguga njengezifo ze-neurodeergenerative nesifo sikashukela.
I-NAD+ inguphethiloli osiza ama-sirtuin ukuthi agcine ubuqotho be-genome futhi akhuthaze ukulungiswa kwe-DNA. Njengemoto ayikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kukaphethiloli, amaSirtuins adinga i-NAD+ ukuze isebenze. Imiphumela evela ocwaningweni lwezilwane ikhombisa ukuthi ukwanda kwamazinga e-NAD+ emzimbeni kwenza amaprotheni e-sirtuin asebenze futhi andise isikhathi sokuphila kumvubelo namagundane.
3.Ukusebenza kwenhliziyo
Ukuphakamisa amazinga e-NAD+ kuvikela inhliziyo futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungabangela ukukhuliswa kwenhliziyo kanye nemithambo evalekile, okungaholela ekushayweni kohlangothi. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa izinga le-NAD+ enhliziyweni ngezithako ze-NAD+, umonakalo wenhliziyo odalwe ukuphindwaphindwa uyavinjwa. Olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izithasiselo ze-NAD+ futhi zivikela amagundane ekwandiseni kwenhliziyo okungavamile.
4. I-Neurodegeneration
Emagundaneni anesifo i-Alzheimer's, ukwanda kwamazinga e-NAD+ kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo ngokunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwamaprotheni aphazamisa ukuxhumana kobuchopho. Ukwenyusa amazinga e-NAD+ futhi kuvikela amangqamuzana obuchopho ekufeni lapho lingekho igazi elanele eligelezela ebuchosheni. I-NAD+ ibonakala inesithembiso esisha ekuvikeleni ngokumelene ne-neurodegeneration kanye nokuthuthukisa inkumbulo.
5. Amasosha omzimba
Njengoba sikhula, amasosha ethu omzimba ayancipha futhi sisengozini yokugula. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa ukuthi amazinga e-NAD+ adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba kanye nokuvuvukala kanye nokusinda kwamaseli ngesikhathi sokuguga. Ucwaningo lugqamisa amandla okwelapha e-NAD+ okungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba.
6. Lawula umzimba
Yilwa nomonakalo we-oxidative
I-NAD+ ingasiza ukubambezela ukuguga ngokuvimbela ukusabela kokuvuvukala, ukulawula i-redox homeostasis yomzimba, ukuvikela amaseli emonakalweni, ukugcina imisebenzi evamile ye-metabolic.
7. Siza ekucindezeleni izimila
I-NAD+ ingaphinda ivimbele futhi yelaphe i-leukopenia ebangelwa i-radiotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ithuthukise ukumelana nezidakamizwa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamasosha omzimba e-PD-1/PD-L1, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-T cell kanye nekhono lokubulala isimila.
8. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-ovarian
Izinga le-NAD+ kuma-ovari wesifazane liyancipha ngendlela encike eminyakeni yobudala. Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-NAD+ kungakwazingcono umsebenzi we-ovarian mitochondrial,nciphisa amazinga ezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo ekugugeni kwama-oocyte, futhi abambezele ukuguga kwe-ovarian.
9. Thuthukisa izinga lokulala
I-NAD+ ingathuthukisa ukungalingani kwesigqi se-circadian, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yokulala, futhi ikhuthaze ukulala ngokulawula iwashi lebhayoloji.
Izitho ezihlukahlukene zomzimba azikho ngokuzimela. Ukuxhumana nokuxhumana phakathi kwabo kusondele kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo. Izinto ezikhiqizwe iseli zingathuthwa ziye kunoma iyiphi indawo emzimbeni ngokuphazima kweso; Ulwazi lwe-neurotransmitter lusakazwa ngokushesha njengombani. Isikhumba sethu, njengesithiyo somzimba wonke, singaphambili enkundleni yempi futhi sisengozini yokulimala okuhlukahlukene. Lapho lokhu kulimala kungenakulungiseka, kuzolandela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene njengokuguga.
Okokuqala, inqubo yokuguga yesikhumba ihambisana nochungechunge lwezinguquko emazingeni amangqamuzana namangqamuzana, angadluliselwa kwezinye izicubu noma izitho ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Isibonelo, imvamisa yamaseli e-p16-positive (umaka wokuguga) esikhumbeni ahlotshaniswa kahle nezimpawu zokuguga zamaseli omzimba, okusho ukuthi iminyaka yebhayoloji yesikhumba ingabikezela ukuguga komzimba ngezinga elithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-microbiota yesikhumba ingabikezela ngokunembile iminyaka yokulandelana kwezikhathi, iphinde iqinisekise ukuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwesikhumba nokuguga kwesistimu.
Izincwadi zangaphambilini zibike ukuthi inqubo yokuguga phakathi kwezitho ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni i-asynchronous, futhi isikhumba singase sibe isitho sokuqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuguga. Ngokusekelwe ekuxhumaneni okuseduze phakathi kokuguga kwesikhumba nezinye izitho zomzimba, abantu banesizathu sokusola ngesibindi ukuthi ukuguga kwesikhumba kungase kubangele ukuguga komzimba wonke.
Ukuguga kwesikhumba kungathinta ubuchopho ngohlelo lwe-endocrine
Ukuguga kwesikhumba kungase kuthinte wonke umzimba nge-axis ye-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Isikhumba asisona nje isithiyo, siphinde sibe nemisebenzi ye-neuroendocrine futhi singasabela ekushukumiseni kwemvelo futhi sikhiqize amahomoni, ama-neuropeptides nezinye izinto.
Isibonelo, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kungabangela amangqamuzana esikhumba ukuba akhulule amahomoni ahlukahlukene kanye nabalamuli abavuthayo, njenge-cortisol nama-cytokines. Lezi zinto zingenza kusebenze uhlelo lwe-HPA esikhumbeni. Ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-axis ye-HPA kubangela ukuthi i-hypothalamus ikhulule i-corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Lokhu kubuye kushukumise indlala yangaphambili ye-pituitary ukuthi ikhiphe ihomoni ye-adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), egcina ikhuthaza izindlala ze-adrenal ukuthi zikhiphe amahomoni okucindezeleka njenge-cortisol. I-Cortisol ingathinta izindawo eziningi zobuchopho, kuhlanganise ne-hippocampus. Ukuchayeka okungamahlalakhona noma okweqile kwe-cortisol kungase kube nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwezinzwa kanye nepulasitiki ku-hippocampus. Lokhu kuphinde kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-hippocampus kanye nokuphendula kwengcindezi yobuchopho.
Lokhu kuxhumana kwesikhumba nobuchopho kufakazela ukuthi inqubo yokuguga ingase ibangelwe yizici zemvelo, eziqala zibangele ukusabela kwesikhumba bese zithinta ubuchopho nge-axis ye-HPA, okuholela ezinkingeni zesistimu ezifana nokuncipha kwengqondo kanye nokwanda kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Amaseli esikhumba akhiqiza i-SASP futhi abangele ukuvuvukala ukushayela ukuguga okuhlobene nobudala nezifo
Ukuguga kwesikhumba kungase futhi kuthinte umzimba wonke ngokukhuthaza ukuvuvukala kanye ne-immunosenescence. Amaseli esikhumba aguga akhiqiza into ebizwa ngokuthi "i-senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), ehlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zama-cytokines kanye ne-matrix metalloproteinase. I-SASP iguquguquka ngezindlela eziningi. Ingamelana nezindawo zangaphandle eziyingozi kumaseli avamile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba imisebenzi yomzimba iyancipha, ukugcinwa okukhulu kwe-SASP kungase kubangele ukuvuvukala emzimbeni futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kwamangqamuzana angomakhelwane, okuhlanganisa amaseli omzimba kanye namaseli e-endothelial. Lesi simo sokuvuvukala sezinga eliphansi sicatshangwa ukuthi singumshayeli obalulekile wezifo eziningi ezihlobene nobudala.
Ama-coenzymes abamba iqhaza kumetabolism yezinto ezibalulekile njengoshukela, amafutha, namaprotheni emzimbeni womuntu, futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umzimba wezinto ezibonakalayo namandla kanye nokugcina imisebenzi evamile yomzimba.NAD iyi-coenzyme ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, ebizwa nangokuthi i-coenzyme I. Ibamba iqhaza ezinkulungwaneni zokusabela kwe-redox enzymatic emzimbeni womuntu. Kuyinto edingekayo ukuze i-metabolism yawo wonke amaseli. Inemisebenzi eminingi, imisebenzi esemqoka yile:
1. Khuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-bioenergy
I-NAD+ ikhiqiza i-ATP ngokuphefumula kwamaselula, igcwalise ngokuqondile amandla eseli futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana;
2. Lungisa izakhi zofuzo
I-NAD+ ukuphela kwe-substrate ye-enzyme yokulungisa i-DNA i-PARP. Lolu hlobo lwe-enzyme lubamba iqhaza ekulungiseni i-DNA, lusiza ukulungisa i-DNA namaseli awonakele, lunciphisa ithuba lokuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana, futhi luvimbele ukuvela komdlavuza;
3. Yenza kusebenze wonke amaprotheni okuphila isikhathi eside
I-NAD+ ingenza kusebenze wonke amaprotheni angu-7 okuphila isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke i-NAD+ inomthelela obaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nokuguga nokwandisa ubude bempilo;
4. Qinisa amasosha omzimba
I-NAD+ iqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi ithuthukise ukungatheleleki kwamaselula ngokuthinta ngokukhethekile ukusinda nokusebenza kwamaseli e-T alawulayo.
Ngokuphawulekayo, ukuguga kuhambisana nokwehla okuqhubekayo kwezicubu kanye namazinga e-NAD+ yamaselula ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa amagundane nabantu. Ukwehla kwamazinga e-NAD+ kuhlobene nezifo eziningi ezihlobene nokuguga, okuhlanganisa ukuncipha kwengqondo, umdlavuza, isifo se-metabolic, i-sarcopenia, kanye nobuthakathaka.
Akukho ukuhlinzekwa okungapheli kwe-NAD+ emzimbeni wethu. Okuqukethwe kanye nomsebenzi we-NAD+ emzimbeni womuntu kuzokwehla ngokuhamba kweminyaka, futhi kuzokwehla ngokushesha ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, okuholela ekugugeni kwamaseli, i-apoptosis kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla okuvuselela. .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwe-NAD+ kuzophinde kubangele uchungechunge lwezinkinga zempilo, ngakho-ke uma i-NAD+ ingakwazi ukugcwaliswa ngesikhathi, imiphumela ingacatshangwa.
Isengezo esivela ekudleni
Ukudla okufana neklabishi, i-broccoli, ukwatapheya, isiteki, amakhowe, ne-edamame kuqukethe izandulela ze-NAD+, ezingaguqulelwa ku-NAD* esebenzayo emzimbeni ngemva kokumuncwa.
Khawulela ukudla nama-calories
Ukukhawulelwa kwekhalori emaphakathi kungenza kusebenze izindlela zokuzwa amandla ngaphakathi kwamaseli futhi kukhuphule amazinga e-NAD* ngokungaqondile.Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi udla ukudla okulinganiselayo ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zomsoco zomzimba wakho.
Qhubeka nokunyakaza nokuzivocavoca
Ukuzivocavoca kwe-aerobic okumaphakathi njengokugijima nokubhukuda kungakhuphula amazinga e-NAD+ e-intracellular, kusize ukukhulisa ukutholakala komoyampilo emzimbeni futhi kuthuthukise i-metabolism yamandla.
Landela imikhuba yokulala enempilo
Ngesikhathi sokulala, umzimba womuntu wenza izinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile zokuhlinza nokulungisa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-NAD*.Ukuthola ukulala ngokwanele kusiza ukugcina amazinga avamile e-NAD*
05Yengeza izinto ze-NAD+ ezandulelayo
Abantu abalandelayo abakwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa
Abantu abangasebenzi kahle kwezinso, abahlinzwa i-dialysis, abanesifo sokuwa, abakhulelwe, abancelisayo, izingane, abalashwa umdlavuza okwamanje, abadla imishanguzo, nalabo abanomlando wokungezwani komzimba, sicela uthintane nodokotela wakho.
Q: Zisetshenziselwa ini izithasiselo ze-NAD+?
A:Isengezo se-NAD+ siyisithasiselo sokudla okunomsoco esifaka i-coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). I-NAD+ idlala indima ebalulekile kumetabolism yamandla kanye nokulungiswa kwamaseli ngaphakathi kwamaseli.
Q: Ingabe izithasiselo ze-NAD+ ziyasebenza ngempela?
A: Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi izithasiselo ze-NAD+ zingasiza ukuthuthukisa i-metabolism yamandla eselula futhi zehlise inqubo yokuguga.
Q:Yimiphi imithombo yokudla ye-NAD+?
A: Imithombo yokudla ye-NAD+ ihlanganisa inyama, inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi, ubhontshisi, amantongomane nemifino. Lokhu kudla kuqukethe i-niacinamide ne-niacin eyengeziwe, engaguqulwa ibe yi-NAD+ emzimbeni.
Q: Ngisikhetha kanjani isengezo se-NAD+?
IMP: Uma ukhetha izithasiselo ze-NAD+, kunconywa ukuthi uqale ufune iseluleko kudokotela noma isazi sokudla okunomsoco ukuze uqonde izidingo zakho zokudla okunomsoco nesimo sezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khetha uhlobo olunegama elihle, hlola izithako zomkhiqizo kanye nomthamo, bese ulandela isiqondiso somthamo ekufakweni komkhiqizo.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko esolwazi oluvamile kuphela futhi akufanele sithathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Olunye ulwazi lokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi luvela ku-inthanethi futhi alusebenzi. Le webhusayithi inomthwalo wemfanelo kuphela wokuhlunga, ukufometha kanye nokuhlela ama-athikili. Injongo yokudlulisa ulwazi olwengeziwe ayisho ukuthi uyavumelana nemibono yayo noma uqinisekise ubuqiniso bokuqukethwe kwayo. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma wenze izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-06-2024
