Ukuguga kuyinqubo edlula kuyo yonke into ephilayo. Abantu abakwazi ukuvimbela ukuguga, kodwa bangathatha izinyathelo ezithile zokunciphisa inqubo yokuguga kanye nokuvela kwezifo ezihlobene nokuguga. Enye inhlanganisela ithole ukunakwa okuningi—i-nicotinamide riboside, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-NR. Njengesandulela se-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside kucatshangwa ukuthi inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokulwa nokuguga. Ngokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside ithuthukisa umsebenzi we-sirtuin, ithuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, futhi ivuselela izindlela ezahlukahlukene zamaseli ezihilelekile enkambisweni yokulwa nokuguga.
I-Nicotinamide riboside (NR) uhlobo lwevithamini B3, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-nicotinic acid noma i-nicotinic acid. Ingumxube wemvelo otholakala ngamanani amancane ekudleni okuthile, njengobisi, imvubelo, kanye nemifino ethile.
I-NR iyisandulela se-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), i-coenzyme ekhona kuwo wonke amaseli aphilayo. I-NAD+ idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, kanye nokulawulwa kwe-metabolism yamaseli. Njengoba siguga, amazinga ethu e-NAD+ avame ukwehla, okungathinta le misebenzi ebalulekile. Izithasiselo ze-NR ziphakanyiswe njengendlela yokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+ futhi mhlawumbe inciphise inqubo yokuguga.
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokwengezwa kwe-NR yikhono layo lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial. I-Mitochondria iyimithombo yamandla yeseli, enesibopho sokukhiqiza iningi lamandla eseli ngesimo se-adenosine triphosphate (ATP). I-NR iboniswe ukuthi ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-ATP ngokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism yamaseli. Lokhu kwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kungazuzisa izicubu nezitho ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ubuchopho, inhliziyo, kanye nemisipha.
●Thuthukisa amandla eselula
I-Nicotinamide riboside idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni amandla endlini yamandla yeseli, i-mitochondria. Le nhlanganisela iyisandulela se-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), i-coenzyme ebalulekile ehilelekile ezinqubweni eziningi zamaseli, ikakhulukazi i-metabolism yamandla. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwengeza nge-NR kungakhuphula amazinga e-NAD+ futhi kukhuthaze ukuphefumula kwamaseli okuphumelelayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Amazinga e-NAD+ avame ukwehla njengoba sikhula, okuholela ekusebenzeni okubuthakathaka kwe-mitochondrial kanye namazinga aphansi amandla jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ngokunezela nge-nicotinamide riboside, kungenzeka ukuguqula lokhu kwehla futhi kubuyisele amazinga amandla obusha. I-NR itholakale futhi ukuthi ithuthukisa ukukhuthazela ngokomzimba futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kubasubathi nakubantu abafuna impilo engcono.
●Thuthukisa ukulungiswa kwamaseli kanye nokulwa nokuguga
Esinye isici esithakazelisayo se-nicotinamide riboside ukuthi ingakhuthaza ukulungiswa kwe-DNA nokulwa nomonakalo ohlobene nokuguga. I-NAD+ iyisici esibalulekile enqubweni yokulungiswa kwe-DNA. Ngokufaka i-NR ukuze kwandiswe amazinga e-NAD+, singathuthukisa ikhono leseli lokulungisa i-DNA, ngaleyo ndlela sivikele ngempumelelo ekugugeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NR ihilelekile ekulawulweni kwezindlela ezibalulekile zokuphila isikhathi eside, njenge-sirtuins, ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli. Lezi zakhi zofuzo zokuphila isikhathi eside zisiza ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuzivikela kwamaseli ekucindezelekeni futhi zikhuthaze impilo ende iyonke. Ngokusebenzisa i-sirtuins, i-nicotinamide riboside ingasiza ekubambezeleni izifo ezihlobene nokuguga futhi mhlawumbe yandise isikhathi sethu sempilo.
●Vimbela izifo ze-neurodegenerative
Izifo eziwohloka kobuchopho njenge-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Parkinson's ziya ngokuya zivamile emphakathini wethu. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi i-nicotinamide riboside ingaba nethemba ekuvimbeleni lezi zifo eziwohlozayo. Izifundo zithole ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-NR kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, futhi kuthuthukisa i-neuroplasticity, konke okubangela ubuchopho obunempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengezwa kwe-NR kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza kwengqondo okuthuthukisiwe, ukugcinwa kwenkumbulo, kanye nokugxila okuthuthukisiwe kanye nesikhathi sokunaka. Nakuba kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe, lokhu okutholakele kokuqala kusikisela ukuthi i-nicotinamide riboside ingaba yindlela yokuvimbela noma yokusekela abantu abasengozini yokuwohloka kwemizwa.
●Thuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin
Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi i-NR inamandla okuthuthukisa impilo ye-metabolic iyonke. Kuye kwabonakala kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin, okuyisici esibalulekile ekugcineni amazinga kashukela egazini anempilo kanye nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Izifundo zithole nokuthi ukwengezwa kwe-NR kungathuthukisa i-lipid metabolism, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amazinga e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride ajikelezayo. Le miphumela ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanezinkinga ze-metabolic noma labo abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele ngokweqile.
●Ine-antioxidant enamandla
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NR iboniswe ukuthi ithuthukisa ukuzivikela kwamangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kwenzeka lapho kunokungalingani phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-reactive oxygen (ROS) kanye nekhono lomzimba lokuziqeda ngama-antioxidants. Amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka kwe-oxidative angalimaza amangqamuzana futhi afake isandla ekuqhubekeni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza, izifo zenhliziyo, kanye nezifo eziwohlokayo. Izifundo zithole ukuthi ukwengeza i-NR kungathuthukisa amandla e-antioxidant amangqamuzana futhi kunciphise umthelela wokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative emzimbeni.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-nicotinamide riboside inamandla okunciphisa ukuguga ngokwandisa amazinga e-molecule ye-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). I-NAD+ iyi-molecule ebalulekile edlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kweseli.
Amazinga e-NAD+ ayancipha ngokwemvelo njengoba siguga. Lokhu kwehla kubhekwa njengembangela enkulu yenqubo yokuguga. Ngokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside ingasiza ekunciphiseni lokhu kwehla futhi yehlise imiphumela yokuguga.
I-NAD+ ihilelekile ezinqubweni eziningi ezibalulekile zamaseli, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, kanye nokuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside ingathuthukisa lezi zinqubo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kweseli iyonke.
Izifundo eziningana zibonise imiphumela ethembisayo emangqamuzaneni ezilwane nawomuntu. Kokunye ukuhlola, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kwandisa amazinga e-NAD+ ezicutshini zemisipha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial kanye nokusebenza kokuzivocavoca emagundwini.
Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kuthuthukise ukuzwela kwe-insulin kanye nokubekezelela ushukela kumagundane akhuluphele, anesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-nicotinamide riboside ingaba nezinzuzo ezingaba khona empilweni ye-metabolic.
Kokunye ucwaningo oluncane lwabantu abadala abaseminyakeni ephakathi nabadala, ukwengezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kwandise amazinga e-NAD+ futhi kwathuthukisa umfutho wegazi kanye nokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, izimpawu ezimbili ezibalulekile zempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Kolunye ucwaningo, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwemisipha futhi kuvimbele ukulahleka kwemisipha kubantu abadala. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-nicotinamide riboside ingaba nezinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokumelene nokwehla kwemisipha okuhlobene nokuguga.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguga kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ethonywa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa izakhi zofuzo, indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo ezungezile. I-Nicotinamide riboside kufanele ibhekwe njengesengezo esingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuguga futhi sisekele ukuguga okunempilo kunokuba kube yinhlamvu yomlingo.
EzininganaI-NAD+ Kutholakale izandulela, okuhlanganisa i-nicotinamide riboside (NR), i-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), kanye ne-nicotinic acid (NA). Lezi zandulela ziguqulwa zibe yi-NAD+ uma sezingaphakathi kweseli.
Phakathi kwalezi zinto ezandulelayo, i-nicotinamide riboside ithole ukunakwa kabanzi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukutholakala kwayo, kanye nekhono lokukhulisa amazinga e-NAD+ ngempumelelo. I-NR iwuhlobo lwe-vitamin B3 oluvela ngokwemvelo futhi itholakala enanini elincane ebisini nakwezinye ukudla. Kuye kwabonakala ukuthi ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-NAD+ futhi ivuselele umsebenzi wama-sirtuin, iqembu lamaprotheni ahlotshaniswa nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Enye yezinzuzo ze-nicotinamide riboside yikhono layo lokudlula izinyathelo eziphakathi ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-NAD+. Ingaguqulwa ngqo ibe yi-NAD+ ngaphandle kwesidingo sama-enzyme engeziwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izandulela ezifana ne-nicotinamide mononucleotide zidinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe ze-enzyme ezibandakanya i-nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) ukuze iguqulwe ibe yi-NAD+.
Izifundo eziningi ziqhathanise ukusebenza kahle kwe-nicotinamide riboside nezinye izandulela ze-NAD+, futhi i-NR ihlala iphuma phambili. Esifundweni sangaphambi kokwelashwa kwamagundane asebekhulile, kutholakale ukuthi i-nicotinamide riboside supplementation yandisa amazinga e-NAD+, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwemisipha.
Ucwaningo oluhleliwe, olungaboni kahle, olulawulwa yi-placebo kubantu abadala abanempilo nalo lubonise imiphumela ethembisayo. Amazinga e-NAD+ akhuphuke kakhulu kubahlanganyeli abathatha i-nicotinamide riboside uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu le-placebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babike ukuthi ukusebenza kwengqondo kuthuthukisiwe futhi banciphise ukukhathala okubangelwa yimizwa yabo.
Nakuba ezinye izandulela ze-NAD+, njenge-nicotinamide mononucleotide kanye ne-niacin, zibonise imiphumela emihle emazingeni e-NAD+ kwezinye izifundo, azikabonisi izinga elifanayo lokusebenza njenge-nicotinamide riboside.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-nicotinamide riboside ibonakala isebenza kangcono ekwandiseni amazinga e-NAD+, izimpendulo zomuntu ngamunye zingahluka. Abanye abantu bangase bathole ukuthi ezinye izandulela, njenge-nicotinamide mononucleotide noma i-niacin, zifaneleka kangcono izidingo zabo ezithile.
Izithasiselo ze-riboside ze-Nicotinamide zitholakala ngamaphilisi, ama-capsule, kanye namafomu e-powder. Ukuthola umthamo ofanele we-NR kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ubudala, impilo, kanye nemiphumela oyifunayo. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlobo olusha lwezithasiselo, njengoba bengakunikeza iseluleko esiqondene nawe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuthandwa kwe-NR kukhuphuka kakhulu futhi izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo zingena emakethe, kubalulekile ukukhetha umthombo othembekile nothembekile. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isengezo se-NR:
1. Ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi: Funa imikhiqizo ehlolwe futhi eqinisekisiwe ngumuntu wesithathu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile. Funa izithasiselo ezingenazo izithasiselo, izithasiselo eziyingozi, kanye nezinto ezingaba ukungcola.
2. Imikhuba Yokukhiqiza: Khetha izithasiselo ezikhiqizwa ezindaweni ezibhalisiwe yi-FDA bese ulandela imihlahlandlela ye-Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo, ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwawo.
4. Idumela kanye nokubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende: Hlola ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende kanye nezilinganiso ukuze uthole ukuqonda ngokusebenza kahle kwesithasiselo kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende okuphelele.
Q: Isebenza kanjani i-Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)?
A: I-Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) isebenza ngokwandisa amazinga e-NAD+ emzimbeni. I-NAD+ ibandakanyeka ekukhiqizweni kwamandla eseli, ekulungisweni kwe-DNA, nasekulondolozeni impilo nokusebenza kwe-mitochondria.
Q: Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona yokulwa nokuguga ye-Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)?
A: I-Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) ibonise imiphumela ethembisayo yokulwa nokuguga ngendima yayo ekukhuliseni amazinga e-NAD+. Amazinga e-NAD+ akhuphukile angathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, athuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla eseli, futhi akhuthaze ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, konke okungasiza ekulweni nokwehla okuhlobene nokuguga kanye nokuthuthukisa impilo iyonke.
Isixwayiso: Lesi sihloko senzelwe ulwazi olujwayelekile kuphela futhi akufanele sithathwe njenganoma yisiphi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Olunye ulwazi lweposi lebhulogi luvela kwi-inthanethi futhi alulona ochwepheshe. Le webhusayithi inesibopho sokuhlunga, ukufometha nokuhlela izihloko kuphela. Inhloso yokudlulisa ulwazi olwengeziwe akusho ukuthi uyavumelana nemibono yayo noma uqinisekisa ubuqiniso bokuqukethwe kwayo. Njalo xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma ukwenza izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-10-2023
