I-Dopamine iyi-neurotransmitter ethakazelisayo edlala indima ebalulekile emvuzweni wobuchopho nasezikhungweni zokuzijabulisa.Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikhemikhali “yokuzizwa ujabule,” inesibopho sezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba nezengqondo ezithonya isimo sethu semizwa, ugqozi, kanye nokuziphatha okuluthayo.
I-Dopamine, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-neurotransmitter "yokuzizwa kahle," yaqala ukutholwa ngawo-1950 ngusosayensi waseSweden u-Arvid Carlsson.Ihlukaniswa njenge-monoamine neurotransmitter, okusho ukuthi iyisithunywa samakhemikhali esithwala amasignali phakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa.I-Dopamine ikhiqizwa ezindaweni eziningana zobuchopho, kuhlanganise ne-substantia nigra, indawo ye-ventral tegmental, ne-hypothalamus yobuchopho.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-dopamine ukudlulisa amasignali phakathi kwama-neurons futhi ibe nomthelela emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yomzimba.Kucatshangwa ukuthi ilawula ukunyakaza, izimpendulo zemizwa, ugqozi, nemizwa yenjabulo nomvuzo.I-Dopamine nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezehlukene zokuqonda ezifana nokufunda, inkumbulo, nokunaka.
Lapho i-dopamine ikhishelwa ezindleleni zomvuzo zobuchopho, ikhiqiza imizwa yenjabulo noma ukwaneliseka.
Phakathi nezikhathi zenjabulo nemivuzo, sikhiqiza amanani amakhulu e-dopamine, futhi uma amazinga ephansi kakhulu, sizizwa singenamdlandla futhi singenakuzisiza.
Ukwengeza, uhlelo lokuvuza lobuchopho luhlobene eduze ne-dopamine.Iqhaza lama-neurotransmitters ukukhuthaza imizwa yokuthokoza nokuqinisa, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize ugqozi.Isiphusha ukufeza izinhloso zethu futhi sifune imivuzo.
I-Dopamine ikhiqizwa ezindaweni eziningi zobuchopho, kuhlanganise ne-substantia nigra kanye nendawo ye-ventral tegmental.Lezi zindawo zisebenza njengezimboni ze-dopamine, ezikhiqiza futhi zikhulula le neurotransmitter ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho.Uma isikhishiwe, i-dopamine ibophezela kuma-receptors athile (abizwa ngokuthi ama-dopamine receptors) atholakala ngaphezulu kweseli eyamukelayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-dopamine receptors, anelebuli D1 kuya ku-D5.Uhlobo ngalunye lwesamukeli lutholakala endaweni yobuchopho ehlukile, okuvumela i-dopamine ukuthi ibe nemiphumela ehlukile.Uma i-dopamine ibophezela kwisamukeli, ijabulisa noma ivimbele umsebenzi weseli eyamukelayo, kuye ngohlobo lwesamukeli esinamathiselwe kuso.
I-Dopamine idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukunyakaza kumzila we-nigrostriatal.Kule ndlela, i-dopamine isiza ukulawula nokuxhumanisa umsebenzi wemisipha.
Ku-prefrontal cortex, i-dopamine isiza ukulawula inkumbulo yokusebenza, isivumela ukuthi sibambe futhi silawule ulwazi ezingqondweni zethu.Iphinde ibe neqhaza ekunakekelweni nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo.Ukungalingani emazingeni e-dopamine ku-prefrontal cortex kuxhunyaniswe nezimo ezifana ne-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) kanye ne-schizophrenia.
Ukukhululwa nokulawulwa kwe-dopamine kulawulwa ngokuqinile ubuchopho ukugcina ibhalansi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile.Uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinqubo zempendulo, ezibandakanya amanye ama-neurotransmitters nezifunda zobuchopho, zilawula amazinga e-dopamine.
I-Dopamine iyisithunywa samakhemikhali, noma i-neurotransmitter, ebuchosheni ethwala amasignali phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.Idlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobuchopho, okuhlanganisa ukulawula ukunyakaza, isimo sengqondo, nezimpendulo zemizwa, okuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yethu yengqondo.Kodwa-ke, ukungalingani emazingeni e-dopamine kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo.
●Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abanokucindezeleka bangase babe namazinga aphansi e-dopamine ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho, okuholela ekunciphiseni ugqozi nokujabulela imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
●Amazinga e-dopamine angalingani angaholela ezinkingeni zokukhathazeka.Ukwanda komsebenzi we-dopamine ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho kungaholela ekwandeni kokukhathazeka nokungahlaliseki.
●Umsebenzi oweqile we-dopamine ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho kucatshangwa ukuthi unomthelela ezimpawini ze-schizophrenia, ezifana nokubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokukhohlisa.
●Izidakamizwa nokuziphatha okuluthayo kuvame ukukhulisa amazinga e-dopamine ebuchosheni, okubangela imizwa ejabulisayo nezuzisayo.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchopho buba ncike kulezi zinto noma ukuziphatha ukuze kukhishwe i-dopamine, kudala umjikelezo wokulutha.
Umbuzo: Ingabe imithi ingasetshenziswa ukulawula amazinga e-dopamine?
A: Yebo, imithi ethile, efana ne-dopamine agonists noma i-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezihlobene ne-dopamine dysregulation.Le mithi ingasiza ukubuyisela ibhalansi ye-dopamine ebuchosheni futhi inciphise izimpawu ezihambisana nezimo ezifana nesifo sika-Parkinson noma ukucindezeleka.
Q: Umuntu angayigcina kanjani ibhalansi ye-dopamine enempilo?
A: Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukudla okunomsoco, ukulala ngokwanele, nokulawula ingcindezi, kungaba nomthelela ekulawuleni i-dopamine efanele.Ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini ejabulisayo, ukubeka imigomo efinyelelekayo, nokuzijwayeza ukuqaphela kungasiza futhi ukugcina ibhalansi ye-dopamine enempilo.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zokwaziswa kuphela futhi akufanele sithathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha.Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izithasiselo noma ukushintsha uhlobo lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-15-2023